内窥检查机器人化的传感与主动介入技术

本文提出了一种医用内窥检察系统的传感与主动介入技术,它是通过由压觉传感器、蠕动式柔性移动机构和基于形状记忆合金记忆效应的转向机构等构成的内窥检查机器人实现的。压觉传感器检测机器人与腔道壁之间作用力的大小和方位,为机器人提供避障、弯曲等信息,避免穿孔等医疗事故的发生;蠕动式柔性移动机构通过充入气体的膨胀橡胶囊与腔道壁接触,因而具有较好的柔软性;采用通电调节形状记忆合金元件的方法,可改变转向机构弯曲角度,以适应腔道的变化。因此,传动与主动介入技术对腔道组织损害程度极小,具有较高的安全性,还可减轻医务人员的工作强度,提高内窥检查的效率。     

Earthworm extracts utilized in the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles capable of reinforcing the anticoagulant activities of heparin

Gold nanoparticles were obtained using a green synthesis approach with aqueous earthworm extracts without any additional reducing or capping agents. The gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The anticoagulant activity of the gold nanoparticles was assessed using the activated partial thromboplastin time and was mildly enhanced by combining the gold nanoparticles with heparin. In addition to the generation of spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 6.13 ± 2.13 nm, cubic and block-shaped nanoparticles with an average aspect ratio, defined as the length divided by width, of 1.47 were also observed.     

ACTIVE ROBOTIC ENDOSCOPE FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY

A robotic endoscope is mainly composed of a tactile array sensor, soft mobile mechanism for earthworm locomotion and turning mechanism based on shape memory effect. The tactile array sensor can provide the information about magnitude and orientation of interacting forces between the robotic endoscope and the wall of gastrointestinal tracts. The soft mobile mechanism contacts gastrointestinal tracts with air-in inflatable balloons, so it has better soft and non-invasive properties. The turning mechanism can be actively bent by shape memory alloy components and conform to the complex shape of gastrointestinal tracts. The working principle of robotic endoscope is dealt with.     

蚯蚓在植物修复重金属污染土壤中的应用前景

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术是绿色生物技术,该技术的应用受制于两个主要因素:超积累植物生物量小和土壤中重金属有效性低。本文在收集大量资料基础上,论述了蚯蚓与重金属的相互关系:重金属对蚯蚓的毒理效应和蚯蚓对重金属的忍耐力。根据在重金属污染土壤中,蚯蚓活动能提高植物生物量和土壤中的重金属的生物有效性,论证了在重金属污染土壤植物修复技术中引入蚯蚓的可行性,并指出引入蚯蚓的植物修复技术当前的研究热点及今后的研究方向。