Criminal Lines,Indian Colours,and the Creation of a Black Legend: The Photographs of ‘Los Bandidos de la Halancha’, Bolivia

The author’s discovery of a set of inscribed photographs of the ‘Bandits of La Jalancha’, made in La Paz, Bolivia in 1871 and now in the collections of Harvard’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, has made possible the identification of the photographed gang’s leader ‘Salvador Chico’ with the Afro-Aymara anti-hero known in contemporary folklore as El Zambo Salvito. On their photographic journeys out of Bolivia, Salvador and his men were transformed into anonymous ‘Indian bandits’ and became generic illustrations of ethnic Aymara types in the service of racialised evolutionary science. Back in La Paz, however, the photographs were forgotten but the legend of the infamous son of an African slave from Chicaloma, a coca-producing hacienda in the region of Yungas, grew in the public imagination. Whereas nineteenth-century racial discourse only recognised his indigeneity, twentieth- and twenty-first-century folklore and illustrations have instead emphasised his blackness. In tracing the split legacies of Salvador of Chicaloma, through exported photographs and the formation of local legends, this work reveals how identity was constructed, evacuated, and made anew. This fluidity of representation was made possible, in part, by the relative archival invisibility of afrodescendientes in Andean South America, whose lives and histories remain largely uninscribed.     

Assessment of radioactive wastes from a DCLL fusion reactor: Disposal in El Cabril facility

Under the Spanish Breeding Blanket Technology Programme TECNO_FUS a conceptual design of a DCLL (Dual-Coolant Lithium–Lead) blanket-based reactor is being revised. The dually cooled breeding zone is composed of He/LiPb and SiC as material of the liquid metal flow channel inserts. Structural materials are ferritic-martensitic steel (Eurofer) for the blanket and austenitic steel (SS316LN) for the vacuum vessel (VV) and the cryostat.In this work, radioactive wastes are assessed in order to determine if they can be disposed as low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW) in the Spanish near surface disposal facility of El Cabril. Also, unconditional clearance and recycling waste management options are studied.The neutron transport calculations have been performed with MCNPX code, while the ACAB code is used for calculations of the inventory of activation products and for activation analysis, in terms of waste management ratings for the options considered.Results show that the total amount of the cryostat can be disposed in El Cabril joined to the outer layer of both VV and channel inserts, whereas only concrete-made biological shield can be managed through clearance and none of the steels can be recycled. Those results are compared with those corresponding to French regulation, showing similar conclusions.     

2016年长江暴雨洪水气候特征分析

2016年汛期的集中强降雨导致长江中下游发生了较大洪水。通过分析厄尔尼诺事件和主要大气环流指数等影响长江流域降雨的气候因子,筛选出历史上主要因子相似的年份,从而揭示了这些年份环流和降雨等方面的异同,并找出了长江流域集中强降雨的主要气候因素为超强厄尔尼诺事件、副高偏强偏大、500 hPa中高纬盛行经向环流、极涡强度指数偏小等。     

Phytoplankton biomass distribution and identification of productive habitats within the Galapagos Marine Reserve by MODIS, a surface acquisition system, and in-situ measurements

The Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) is one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. Phytoplankton are the base of the ecosystem food chain for many higher trophic organisms, so identifying phytoplankton biomass distribution is the first step in understanding the dynamic environment for effective management of the GMR. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and hyperspectral surface acquisition system derived chlorophyll, in-situ chlorophyll fluorescence, nitrate, salinity, and temperature were collected from March 2005 to the onset of a mild El Niño in November 2006. Islands in the eastern GMR, such as San Cristobal and Espanola, are the first to experience impacts of El Niño and southern migration of the Equatorial Front. Productive habitats were defined as surface waters with salinities > 34, temperatures < 24 °C, and chlorophyll a > 0.4 mg m^− 3. Six temporally variable productive habitats identified were: west of Isabela Island, southwest of Floreana Island, south of Santa Cruz, between Santiago and Santa Cruz Islands, and on the eastern side near San Cristobal Island. Model results coupled with surface acquisition system derived chlorophyll indicated productive habitats may also occur for short periods and at a distance from islands such as when the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and South Equatorial Current (SEC) collide over the seamounts north of Isabela Island. All productive habitats were related to topographic upwelling from the EUC into surface waters.     

Bogotá and Medellín: Architecture and Politics

In the last 15 years, Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia's two largest cities, have undergone urban renaissances. These are a direct result of a political will to tackle the social, economic and physical segregation caused by the large-scale urban migrations of the 1970s and 1980s, which resulted in informal developments that were often isolated from central urban areas with no infrastructure. Lorenzo Castro and Alejandro Echeverri describe the shared experiences and distinct approaches of each city. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

壶体注塑模设计

在注塑模具中分型面的设计将直接影响模具的复杂程度和制造成本,并对产品的质量产生影响。以PRO/MOLD-ESIGN软件包为工具,通过对电热壶体的结构和工艺性分析,较详细地论述了电热壶体模具分型面的设计,并阐述了在PRO/MOLDESIGN上快速生成模具型芯、型腔的方法。     

BIXIN POWDER PRODUCTION IN CONICAL SPOUTED BED UNITS

Recent work has demonstrated that the red carotenoid bixin is easily extracted from Bixa orellana seeds by particle attrition and impact rather than by solvent extraction. This technique may require a previous step for drying seeds at a safe temperature to preserve pigment quality. A spouted bed (SB) with a draft tube is the most appropriate equipment to process both seed drying and bixin extraction at low operational costs. Operational parameters of the SB unit are optimized as a function of the powder production rate. The maximum air inlet temperature for drying the seeds is also specified. A high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the semi-quantitative determination of bixin content in the powder produced. Results show that this SB unit can be more competitive than ball mill equipment.     

BIXIN POWDER PRODUCTION IN CONICAL SPOUTED BED UNITS

ABSTRACT

Recent work has demonstrated that the red carotenoid bixin is easily extracted from Bixa orellana seeds by particle attrition and impact rather than by solvent extraction. This technique may require a previous step for drying seeds at a safe temperature to preserve pigment quality. A spouted bed (SB) with a draft tube is the most appropriate equipment to process both seed drying and bixin extraction at low operational costs. Operational parameters of the SB unit are optimized as a function of the powder production rate. The maximum air inlet temperature for drying the seeds is also specified. A high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the semi-quantitative determination of bixin content in the powder produced. Results show that this SB unit can be more competitive than ball mill equipment.     

2016年7月长江区域性洪水重现期分析

受超强厄尔尼诺事件影响,2016年6～7月西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西,导致长江梅雨期降雨异常偏多、暴雨频发,中下游地区发生了3场区域性大洪水。通过干支流控制性水文站和水利工程的观测资料,还原出天然来水量过程,统计了洪峰流量和不同时段洪量,结合现有历史洪水资料和工程设计成果,分析了2016年洪水特征和重现期。分析结果表明,宜昌以下干流河段均出现超警戒水位,洪水重现期在5～10 a之间;清江、资水、水阳江、鄂东北诸支流等发生特大洪水,水位、流量超过历史最高纪录,重现期为100～200 a一遇;修水、饶河等发生一般洪水,重现期在20 a一遇以下。     

基于MPC860T的路由器的硬件系统设计

主要介绍了利用嵌入式处理器MPC860T实现一种低端路由器的设计方案.描述了路由器硬件系统的组成以及各个模块的功能,涉及到了对嵌入式处理器MPC860T的应用、以太网技术、HDLC协议以及E1技术等.