柏林工大建筑学教学特色与启示

柏林工大的建筑学专业在全德国大学中规模最大.其教学结构,内容和风格颇具特色,对我们的教学改革有相应的启示.本文就此进行了分析和总结.     

CLSP问题的周期调度方法及其PSO求解

采用分解思想考虑多阶段CLSP问题,从多阶段生产系统抽象出单阶段生产环节,提出以周期方式对该生产环节进行生产批量调度。在对CLSP周期调度问题进行描述和界定的基础上,建立了相应的数学模型,讨论了周期调度方法中的周期上界以及周期长度与物料批量大小之间的关系等性质,采用基于三层编码的粒子群优化算法进行问题求解。源于冷轧生产实际的计算实例表明周期方法能够大大降低问题的规模且所得设备调整费用比人工方法减少约16%。     

Empty container repositioning strategy in intermodal transport with demand switching

In this paper, we study the empty container inventory repositioning problem with customer demand switching in intermodal transport. The objective of this article is to solve the empty container repositioning problem by contract coordination theory, and to improve the coordination of empty container management and the profit of each participant. We consider an intermodal transport system composed of the rail firm and the liner firm. First, we have considered the situation of no cooperation between the dry port and the seaport, and established a model where there is only the customer demand switching without the occurrence of empty container repositioning. Next, we consider the cooperation between the dry port and the seaport in the decentralized model and the centralized model, and set up the empty container repositioning models from the seaport to the dry port respectively. We analyse the optimal inventory level for the dry port and the seaport under different models, and the effect of the repositioning price on the optimal inventory level. We then apply the contract coordination theory to the empty container inventory repositioning problem. We propose an inventory coordination strategy based on a revenue sharing contract and coordinate the intermodal transport system by choosing the appropriate contract parameters. The results of the study show that under the guidance of the seaport, the revenue sharing contract can achieve a win-win situation for the dry port and the seaport.     

空瓶对灌装机星轮相对运动的包络线

空瓶对星轮相对运动的包络线是设计星轮轮廓曲线的理论基础。本文以机身为静系,以星轮为动系,采用极坐标建立瓶心的相对运动方程,为绘制空瓶对星轮相对运动的包络线提供依据。应用空瓶对星轮相对运动的包络线,本文提出了以星轮外圆为节圆开圆槽时空瓶不与星轮碰撞的条件,为设计送瓶螺杆提供依据。     

Hybrid methods for lot sizing on parallel machines

We consider the capacitated lot sizing problem with multiple items, setup time and unrelated parallel machines, and apply Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition to a strong reformulation of the problem. Unlike in the traditional approach where the linking constraints are the capacity constraints, we use the flow constraints, i.e. the demand constraints, as linking constraints. The aim of this approach is to obtain high quality lower bounds. We solve the master problem applying two solution methods that combine Lagrangian relaxation and Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition in a hybrid form. A primal heuristic, based on transfers of production quantities, is used to generate feasible solutions. Computational experiments using data sets from the literature are presented and show that the hybrid methods produce lower bounds of excellent quality and competitive upper bounds, when compared with the bounds produced by other methods from the literature and by a high-performance MIP software.     

Unit sized transfer batch scheduling in an automated two-machine flow-line cell with one transport agent

The process of splitting a job lot comprised of several identical units into transfer batches (some portion of the lot), and permitting the transfer of processed transfer batches to downstream machines, allows the operations of a job lot to be overlapped. The essence of this idea is to increase the movement of work in the manufacturing environment. In this paper, the scheduling of multiple job lots with unit sized transfer batches is studied for a two-machine flow-line cell in which a single transport agent picks a completed unit from the first machine, delivers it to the second machine, and returns to the first machine. A completed unit on the first machine blocks the machine if the transport agent is in transit. We examine this problem for both unit dependent and independent setups on each machine, and propose an optimal solution procedure similar to Johnson’s rule for solving the basic two-machine flowshop scheduling problem.     

柏林-上海住宅建筑发展比较研究(1949-2002)

柏林和上海在城市历史演变和住宅建筑发展过程上有许多相似之处。两个城市在住宅发展过程和住宅类型上呈现出的相似和不同，反映了各自受到的社会因素、规划设计思路以及地理气候的不同影响。本文对柏林和上海1949年以来的城市住宅发展进行分析，并针对影响住宅发展的各种社会背景因素进行比较。从中可以吸取柏林住宅高速发展中的教训，为上海住宅的进一步发展服务。     

柏林的"批判性重建"--恢复传统城市品质之努力的瑕与疵

柏林目前的规划策略是对战后现代主义转变的一种对抗。二战以后，受包豪斯（风格）影响的建筑，以车行为主的街道模式以及大量的开放空间参与了城市的重构。在今天．这被认为导致城市缺乏品质，因此规划部门发展了所谓“批判性重建”的概念。该概念针对小尺度的开发，丰富多样的建筑，以及对战前狭小街道网格的再造。尽管东西柏林过去都曾历经现代主义的改造，东部地区在今天对历史性城市景观的重建过程中所承受的压力更大。尤其是如今来自西柏林的规划者们认为德意志民主共和国在60年代的建筑没有任何价值。甚至有时那个时代出色的建筑范例也被拆除了,尽管它们对东柏林人身份的辨识非常重要。     

对钢管空拔后出口尺寸变化规律的计算机模拟研究

采用计算机有限元仿真手段，进行了钢管空拔模拟研究，探讨了钢管空拔时壁厚变化现象和缩径现象的规律，进而给出了应用面广的计算公式。     

Landscape biographies of commemoration

All social structures, ranging from world-wide cultural communities to local networks of individuals, develop more or less specific memory cultures to connect places, buildings and land to memories and notions of ancestry and origin. One can focus on several histories in the landscape or bring one moment in time to the exclusive attention. This paper will discuss two examples of landscapes of commemoration using a landscape-biographical approach. This approach is used to demonstrate a multi-vocal past with its complex overlapping layers of social, economic and political history. Wars are etched on the memories of nations, communities and individuals. What people remember, and how, changes with time, especially now that historic events are disappearing in living memory. This paper analyses how nations, local communities and individuals reshaped their violent past through time.