Radical entry mechanisms in redox-initiated emulsion polymerizations

The mechanisms and kinetics of radical entry in emulsion polymerizations utilizing redox initiation are investigated using polymerization rate data obtained by reaction calorimetry and electrospray mass spectroscopy analysis of initiator-derived aqueous-phase products. These data have been used to evaluate an initiation scheme for redox-initiated emulsion polymerizations of common monomers such as styrene and methyl methacrylate based around the oxidant, tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Redox initiators are broadly classed by the solubility of their radical products: Hydrophilic radicals enter by propagating to a critical degree of polymerization to become surface-active whilst more hydrophobic radicals may enter particles directly. When direct entry is applicable (the hydrophobic case), initiation efficiency will always be very high.     

反应性乳化剂应用于丙烯酸酯类乳液压敏胶的研制

使用正交试验法设计压敏胶配方,得到用反应性乳化剂参与的AA、HEA、BA和EA、M AA等多元共聚物乳液,研究该聚合物应用于压敏胶的初粘、持粘、剥离强度等力学性能。结果表明,在该体系下引发剂用量、反应温度、AA、反应性乳化剂用量对压敏胶乳液综合性能关系密切,其它各因素影响不明显。得到的优化配方为BA(83%)、AA(1%)、HEA(1%)、MM A和EA的混合单体(15%)。     

耐温耐盐乳状液驱替体系性能研究

对合适HLB值的乳化剂进行了筛选和评价,优选了具有较强稳定性能的乳状液。静态测试结果显示乳状液具有较好的耐温和耐盐性能,随着矿化度的提高,其稳定性能略有降低,但是幅度不大。该乳状液体系具有很高的黏度,渗流阻力能够提高140倍左右,说明乳状液体系能够在高温高盐条件下取得很好的驱替效果。驱替实验还表明乳状液滴与孔喉的匹配性决定了乳状液在多孔介质中的运移能力。     

挡墙后爆炸冲击波绕流现象研究

重要建筑通常采用防爆挡墙以防范恐怖主义袭击和意外爆炸。在爆炸冲击下,绕流作用使挡墙墙后的冲击波流场产生变化,导致墙后一定距离处的超压大幅提高,建筑承受比预期更大的荷载。本文用LS-DYNA对近地爆炸下刚性墙后的绕流现象进行了数值模拟,研究了超压时程规律及影响因素。研究发现,距离墙后1.5～2.5倍墙高区域内绕流超压较大,在2倍墙高处出现马赫反应,比无墙时更为危险。研究成果可为重要建筑物防爆挡墙的布置及挡墙后建筑抗爆分析提供参考。     

Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Time Domain Characterization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid–Rich Linseed and Fish Oil Emulsions during Thermal Air Oxidation

Linseed contains high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as α-linolenic acid (> 50% ALA-18:3), that are naturally protected against thermal oxidation by their encapsulation within linseed oil bodies (OB) by multiple components including antioxidant proteins and mucilage emulsifying agents. Linseed OB emulsions (LSE) can be produced by grinding linseed seeds, adding water, adjusting pH, and sonication. This is a process that can encapsulate externally added PUFA to minimize their thermal oxidation, as it does for the intrinsic ALA PUFA. Fish oil (FO) encapsulation into this LSE platform to form linseed fish oil emulsions (LSFE) offers the possibility of a nutritive delivery system of the biologically essential FO PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In this study, ¹H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) is used to characterize LSE's and LSFE's chemical and structural properties as well as their stability and changes under thermal oxidation (55 °C for 96 hours). ¹H LF-NMR data processing was developed to generate one-dimensional (1D) T₁ (spin–lattice), 1D T₂ (spin–spin), and 2D (T₁ vs. T₂) relaxation time spectra that can characterize OB emulsions and monitor their time domain fingerprints (spectrum peaks) of chemical and structural changes during the oxidation process. The ¹H LF-NMR analysis were further supported and correlated with conventional peroxide value test, self-diffusion, droplet size distribution, zeta potential estimation of surface stability, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of fatty acid profile changes under thermal oxidation conditions. The 1D and 2D LF-NMR relaxation spectra showed that the LSE and LSFE did not suffer intense oxidation process, due to PUFA assembly in OB oxidative protection. These results were further confirmed by the supportive analytical methodologies. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of ¹H LF-NMR methodology to monitor PUFA's rich oil and emulsion thermal oxidation.     

爆炸法消除焊接残余应力对焊接接头力学性能的影响

采用70mm厚16MnJ对接试板,研究了焊后和爆炸消除应力后两种状态焊接接头冷弯、拉伸、硬度、冲击和疲劳等力学性能的变化。结果表明:爆炸法消除焊接应力不会降低焊接接头的上述力学性能。     

Calculation of temperature field near stagnation point in explosive welding

0IntroductionResearch of temperature field near stagnation pointquantificationally is of great importance to control the qual-ity of explosive welding. If the temperature at the weldinginterface is too high the material will melt in excess andthe metal plates can not be welded well and if the tempera-ture is too lowthe plates can not be well-knit. At the sametime to calculate the heat behavior in the flow field of ex-plosive welding quantificationally is the basis to analyze themetallurgic eff…     

爆炸焊接TA2/316L复合板界面的微观分析

采用扫描电镜、能谱仪和显微硬度计，对爆炸焊接316L／TA2复合板结合界面的显微组织，成分和显微硬度进行了研究。结果表明，界面呈波状；316L与TA2结合界面之间有一层约为5μm的熔化层：波尾处存在漩涡状熔化块，熔化块内有微裂纹和气孔；界面附近的基体组织产生了剧烈的塑性变形；钛一侧存在绝热剪切带；界面附近的原子存在扩散现象；界面区的显微硬度有显著的提高。     

爆炸焊接钢/钢复合板接合界面微观结构分析

用HRTEM、TEM和SEM研究了 0 0Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 16Mn爆炸接合复合板性能及接合界面微区组织结构。结果表明 ,0 0Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 16Mn复合板强度不低于 16Mn基板的强度 ,180°扭转无裂纹出现 ;接合区形貌近似呈正弦波形 ,接合界面附近形成微细晶区 ;接合界面处的白亮带可能是严重塑性变形和绝热熔化条件下急冷形成的纳米晶结构层和非晶态组织 ;爆炸方法可望用来制备纳米晶和非晶态薄膜材料。     

爆炸焊接有效多方指数γ及可焊窗口

基于对爆炸焊接复板运动形态的基本假定及爆炸气体动力学方程建立冲击波方程，将爆炸气体的作用视作固壁(基板)的正反射，建立运动冲波方程，根据现有的研究成果资料及爆炸焊接理论指导工程实践中存在的问题，从而推导出有效多方指数γ的限定使用范围，为金属爆炸焊接工程应用的参数计算提供可靠依据。以铝材作复板，低碳钢作基板以此作为金属爆炸焊试件，分别使用2号岩石硝铵炸药、泰乳炸药和梯恩梯炸药，利用列契脱飞板运动公式，可以计算出复板厚度与炸药厚度的近似关系式。