提高我国民爆产业运行质量水平的对策研究

本文通过分析近年来我国民爆产业运行状况和产业发展现状,总结了产业发展的内外部环境和产业运行特点,剖析了产业运行中的突出矛盾和主要问题,系统研究和探讨了保持民爆产业经济平稳、健康运行应把握的重点和工作途径,从着力提高民爆产业运行质量和发展水平的角度提出了相关对策建议。     

乘势借力,再推民爆产品质量上台阶

本文通过对十二五期间民爆行业发展的新目标和新要求以及当前民爆产品质量存在的问题与原因的分析,提出了提高民爆产品质量水平的对策措施,这对促进民爆行业的健康发展有着重要意义。     

复合射孔气液作用后气体上移运动规律实验研究

利用复合射孔压井液运动相似模拟实验装置,研究了复合射孔过程中气液作用结束后气柱在压井液中的上移运动规律.观测了复合射孔过程中气液冲击作用结束后气体在模拟井筒的上移运动过程,考察了不同气体压力、不同气体体积作用下的气液作用结束后气体在液柱中的上移运动状态及变化规律.分析了实测的气体上移运动速度变化曲线.作用的气体压力越大...     

Stability and rheology of egg-yolk-stabilized concentrated emulsions containing cereal β-glucans of varying molecular size

The effects of barley and oat β-glucans on rheological and creaming behaviour of concentrated egg-yolk-stabilized model emulsions were investigated. Four polysaccharide preparations were used, two from each cereal; one sample with high and one with low molecular weight, i.e. the molecular weights were alike in pairs (110×10³ and 40×10³, respectively). In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of β-glucans in emulsions, Tween 20-stabilized emulsions were also examined. Tween 20 enhances neither the continuous phase viscosity nor the interactions between the droplets, so the changes could be easily attributed to β-glucans. It appeared that the low Mw β-glucan samples stabilize emulsions against creaming by means of network formation in the continuous phase while their high molecular weight counterparts enhance the viscosity of the continuous phase. Comparison of dynamic rheological tests between a reference emulsion without β-glucans and emulsions containing β-glucans showed that the polysaccharides largely affects the viscoelastic behaviour of the emulsion. Ageing of β-glucan-containing emulsions did not affect significantly the viscoelastic properties except for the emulsions containing low Mw β-glucans extracted from oat. Interestingly, all emulsions containing β-glucans creamed approximately the same after 30 days of storage regardless which preparation was used. The egg yolk constituents seemed to play a dominant role on the viscoelastic and the creaming behaviour of the emulsions, i.e. the viscoelastic behaviour was further enhanced and this could not only be attributed to the presence of the β-glucans but also to the stronger interactions between the oil droplets. Ageing did not affect the viscoelastic properties of β-glucan-containing emulsions while the reference emulsion, prepared only with egg yolk, showed a decrease in the value of storage modulus. The former could be interpreted as a steady consistency of the product during storage independent of the creaming behaviour. The creaming behaviour varied among the samples with the high molecular weight β-glucans from oat showing the highest stability.     

Solubility and emulsifying properties of barley protein concentrate

Protein concentrates were produced from the flours of two barley cultivars (Bülbül and Tokak) by alkaline extraction procedure. The flour samples and their protein concentrates were examined by SDS-PAGE. Solubility properties of protein concentrates were investigated as a function of pH, NaCl concentration and protein concentration, whereas emulsifying properties were determined as a function of pH and protein concentration. The highest solubility was observed in water among the solvents studied, especially at pH values of 2, 10 and 11 as compared to the other ones. A decrease in solubility was determined with increasing ionic strength of NaCl solutions. The results suggested that emulsifying behavior of protein concentrates generally resembled their solubility behavior in water. Minimum solubility and emulsifying values were observed at pH 6, which is close to the isoelectric point of barley proteins. Both of these functional properties were improved below and above the isoelectric pH.     

提高涂料染色摩擦牢度的新途径

为克服常规涂料染色摩擦牢度低的弊病，作者提出采用以超微偶氮颜料为核，以丙烯酸酯类粘合剂为壳的新型颜料包覆体染色新的探索途径。文中阐述了颜料包覆体合成的意义，合成了大红超微颜料分散体和颜料包覆体ＹＢ－Ｒ，并对其进行染色性能和透射电镜的测试，表明大大提高了织物的摩擦牢度。本方法进一步完善可扩大涂料染色的应用范围，具有很大的理论研究和实际应用价值。     

浅谈防爆电阻加热装置的应用

从防爆电阻加热装置的防爆原理出发,简要介绍了隔爆型和增安型电阻加热装置的应用。     

Theoretical Prediction of Expansion History of Metal Cylinder for Multicomponent Explosives

As a traditional experimental approach, the cylinder test has been widely applied to evaluate the ability to accelerate metal, acquire the specific dynamic energy, and calibrate the equation of state of the detonation product for an explosive. In this article, based on the constant metal-density Gurney formula, a theoretical approach to predicting the expansion history of a metal cylinder shell driven by the detonation product of a multicomponent explosive under any explosive mixture ratio is proposed, providing that the corresponding theoretical density and the initial internal energy and the Jones-Wilkins-Lee parameters of each explosive component in the multicomponent explosive are known. Based on this predicted expansion history, the ability to accelerate metal, the specific dynamic energy, and the equation of state of a multicomponent explosive under any explosive mixture can all be acquired without an extra cylinder test for the multicomponent explosive itself. For verification, numerical results for the expansion histories of a copper cylinder driven by the detonation products of a PBX-C03 and a Comp-B multicomponent explosive were calculated and found to be in reasonably good agreement with previous cylinder test data.     

Synthesis and characterization of two new vinyl groups containing alkoxysilanes and their uses in the vinyl acetate/2-ethylhexylacrylate copolymer latexes

The incorporation of alkoxysilanes into latex systems is of major interest in the field of colloidal science. Two novel vinyl-containing alkoxysilanes, 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylthiomethacrylate (TMSPTM) and methacryloxyethyl triethoxysilylpropylcarbamate (METESPC) were prepared by the condensation reaction of methacryloyl chloride (MC) with (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and addition reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with (3-isocyanatopropyl) triethoxysilane (ICPTES), respectively. Then these monomers were copolymerized with vinyl acetate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate (VAc/2-EHA) by seeded emulsion polymerization, and copolymer latexes were obtained. One kind of vinyl-containing alkoxysilane, the triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVS) has been used as coupling reagent for comparison of the effects of alkoxysilane types on the latexes. The structural elucidation of monomers was carried out by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The VAc/2-EHA copolymer latexes with TMSPTM or MPTMS were also characterized by FT-IR. The thermal stability of copolymers was respectively studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The morphologies of the latexes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

环氧-丙烯酸酯杂化乳液的制备及其涂膜性能的研究

采用一种特制的齿状搅拌头(简称STB搅拌头),在600 r/min的转速下均质化,成功制备了环氧-丙烯酸酯杂化"细乳液".然后用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、激光光散射粒径仪(PCS)及透射电镜(TEM)对乳液的相关性能进行了表征.结果表明:杂化乳液的聚合稳定性和储存稳定性优异,且其涂膜的耐水性、附着力和耐磨性能良好.