解决废钢短缺是特钢业发展的关键

随着短流程炼钢的迅速兴起，废钢消耗量急剧增加，世界范围内废钢供应已经出现了严重缺口，我国每年须从国际市场进口大量废钢才能满足钢铁生产的供需平衡，在我国废钢已成为紧缺资源，影响着我国特钢业的发展。分析了这一形势，并初步探讨了解决这一问题的方法，建立合理的废钢储备及使用体系，使废钢资源合理化流动，同时积极探寻优质的废钢代用品，以便从根本上解决我国废钢短缺问题。     

The effects of recent practice on task switching.

Four experiments investigated the effect of recent selective practice on the cost of switching between 2 tasks afforded by letter-digit pairs: alphabet arithmetic and shape comparison. Experiments 1 and 2 found a greater cost associated with switching to the more recently practiced task: evidence that task-set inertia contributes to switching costs. Experiment 3 found this effect to be limited to trials on which a recently trained stimulus followed another such stimulus: a result problematic for all current theories of task-set priming. Experiment 4 showed that the effect of recent practice was eliminated by active preparation for a task switch: It appears that endogenous task-set preparation reduces the effects of task-set inertia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assessing the potential of renewable energy sources in Turkey

To meet Turkey’s growing energy demand, the installed electric power capacity of 27.8 GW in 2001 has to be doubled by 2010 and increased fourfold by 2020. The difference between Turkey’s total primary energy supply (TPES) of from its own sources and total final consumption (TFC) is projected grow from 1 quad (1.06–2.06) in 1999 to 5.71 quads (2.79–8.5) in 2020 (1 QUAD=293.071 TWh). Turkey’s limited amount of fossil fuels has a present average ratio of proved reserves of 97.38 quads to production rate of 3.2 quads yr⁻¹ of about 30 years. Turkey’s reliance on fossil fuel-based energy systems to meet the growing demand is most likely to exacerbate the issues of energy insecurity, national environmental degradation, and global climate change in increasing proportions. Economically-feasible renewable energy potential in Turkey is estimated at a total of ca. 1.69 quads yr⁻¹ (495.4 TWh yr⁻¹) with the potential for 0.67 quads yr⁻¹ (196.7 TWh yr⁻¹) of biomass energy, 0.42 quads yr⁻¹ (124 TWh yr⁻¹) of hydropower, 0.35 quads yr⁻¹ (102.3 TWh yr⁻¹) of solar energy, 0.17 quads yr⁻¹ (50 TWh yr⁻¹) of wind energy, and 0.08 quads yr⁻¹ (22.4 TWh yr⁻¹) of geothermal energy. Pursuit and implementation of sustainability-based energy policy could provide about 90 and 35% of Turkey’s total energy supply and consumption projected in 2010, respectively. Utilization of renewable energy technologies for electricity generation would necessitate about 23.2 Mha (29.8%) of Turkey’s land resources.     

SoC低功耗设计中的DVS技术

随着系统芯片(SoC)集成更多的功能并采用更先进的工艺,它所面临的高性能与低功耗的矛盾越来越突出.动态电压调整(DVS)技术可以在不影响处理器性能的前提下,通过性能预测软件根据处理器的繁忙程度调整处理器的工作电压和工作频率,达到降低芯片功耗的目的.文中讨论了DVS技术降低功耗的可能性,介绍了如何利用两种不同的DVS技术让处理器根据当前的工作负荷运行在不同的性能水平上,以节省不必要的功耗.     

六盘山盆地与酒西盆地成藏条件对比

研究认为，六盘山盆地与酒西盆地具有相似的构造演化特征和油气成藏条件。中生代为走滑拉分盆地，发育张扭伸展断层系，新生代为陆内前陆盆地，发育扭压逆冲断裂系；中生代坳陷都发育生烃潜力较好的白垩系烃源岩，具有相似的烃源岩演化特征、生储盖组合条件和油气运聚特征。因此，分析酒西盆地油气藏分布特征和成藏控制因素，有利于认识和预测六盘山盆地的油气分布规律，以便指导下一步的油气勘探。     

“四低一高”工艺在85kA预焙槽的应用与优化

本文介绍了“四低一高”(低电解温度、低分子比、低氧化铝浓度、低阳极效应系数、高工作电压)工艺技术条件在85kA预焙槽上的应用与优化,实验证明“四低一高”工艺需要针对具体槽型进行优化设计,适宜的技术条件对提高电流效率、降低直流电耗,节能效果显著。     

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以天然气为能源，用燃气机代替电动机驱动压缩机并充分利用发动机废热、工业余热以及低品位环境热量的采暖、空调装置——燃气压缩式热泵近年来发展迅速。美国燃气设备的总装机容量已达到1．2GW，日本燃气机热泵占全部燃气制冷设备的29％，总装机容量大约1GW，燃气机热泵在英国、法国、德国、瑞士等都得到了较快的发展与应用。中研究了以天然气为驱动能源的压缩式热泵的特点及能量利用率，分析并测试了该系统的运行特性及交工况特性，进行了各种工况及转速下的实验研究。结果表明，该系统具有较好的部分负荷特性、一次能源利用率及交工况特性，为一种绿色高效的供热空调系统。     

常减压蒸馏装置换热网络的节能优化

利用夹点技术理论对耗能严重的某炼油厂常减压蒸馏装置进行用能诊断分析;并结合热力学原理得到两种优化换热网络,节能效果显著。     

Computer analysis,design and simulation of horizontal ground heat exchangers

This paper presents a new computerized procedure for dealing with the design of horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHE). The computer program is based on the transient model of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations governing heat and mass flow in soils. The model is two-dimensional and delineates the operation of ground heat storage with the HGHE and such phenomena as freezing/thawing and drying/rewetting of soil moisture. Comprehensive climatological data, such as ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind velocity, rainfall, snowfall, snow characterstics, and water vapour pressure is used to simulate conditions at the ground surface over any required length of time. The package can be applied to any geographical location by changing climatic and soil data input. The designer has the possibility of selecting any of 12 types of soils from sand to clay, 12 commercial heat pumps, nine different configurations of the HGHE, 16 plastic pipes for ground coils, and 13 ground coil fluids. The program, however, does not calculate the length of the HGHE but it evaluates the thermodynamic performance of a ground heat pump system and provides comprehensive data on thermal and hydraulic conditions in ground heat storage. The length of the ground heat exchanger is obtained from a line source theory model or from site dimensions and pipe spacing. Computed results for ground heat exchanger operation correlate fairly well with experimental data. Simulation of temperature and moisture content in the ground for natural conditions (no heat extraction/deposition) showed a fair agreement with field data. The entire computer program is user-friendly, interactive, menu-driven, and written in FORTRAN 77.     

短周期超晶格AlP／GaP能带结构的转变及其带间的光跃迁

介绍了间接跃迁的半导体ＡｌＰ与ＧａＰ形成的超晶格，由于零折叠效应，实现了能带由间接带隙向直接带隙的转变，从而增加了带间的光跃迁几率，并推导了该几率的表达式。