PLC在捻制设备应用中应注意的问题

简述PLC用户程序的工作过程,指出PLC在捻制应用中应注意的输出触点竞争、输出触点容量和报警电路设计等问题,给出解决问题的具体方法和程序,使得PLC的应用更加安全可靠。     

Molecular insights into human taste perception and umami tastants: A review

Understanding taste is key for optimizing the palatability of seaweeds and other non-animal-based foods rich in protein. The lingual papillae in the mouth hold taste buds with taste receptors for the five gustatory taste qualities. Each taste bud contains three distinct cell types, of which Type II cells carry various G protein-coupled receptors that can detect sweet, bitter, or umami tastants, while type III cells detect sour, and likely salty stimuli. Upon ligand binding, receptor-linked intracellular heterotrimeric G proteins initiate a cascade of downstream events which activate the afferent nerve fibers for taste perception in the brain. The taste of amino acids depends on the hydrophobicity, size, charge, isoelectric point, chirality of the alpha carbon, and the functional groups on their side chains. The principal umami ingredient monosodium l -glutamate, broadly known as MSG, loses umami taste upon acetylation, esterification, or methylation, but is able to form flat configurations that bind well to the umami taste receptor. Ribonucleotides such as guanosine monophosphate and inosine monophosphate strongly enhance umami taste when l -glutamate is present. Ribonucleotides bind to the outer section of the venus flytrap domain of the receptor dimer and stabilize the closed conformation. Concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, arginate, and other compounds in food products may enhance saltiness and overall flavor. Umami ingredients may help to reduce the consumption of salts and fats in the general population and increase food consumption in the elderly.     

海参废渣皂苷通过核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体信号通路抵抗环磷酰胺诱导小鼠的免疫抑制

在我国海参是一种具有多种生物活性的传统滋补品。本实验系统性地研究了2.5、5.0、10.0 mg/（kg mb·d）海参废渣皂苷（saponins extracted from sea cucumber residues,SCRSS）对免疫抑制小鼠的调节作用。结果表明,与模型对照组相比,5.0 mg/（kg mb·d）SCRSS使小鼠的体质量、脾脏指数和胸腺指数分别增加了15.3%、23.8%和39.8%;5.0 mg/（kg mb·d）SCRSS也极显著增加了免疫抑制小鼠的吞噬指数（P＜0.01）。此外,与模型对照组相比,各剂量SCRSS均明显地增加了血清中细胞因子的水平,并促进了脾淋巴细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞的增殖活性。其中,中等剂量（5.0 mg/（kg mb·d））SCRSS可以更有效地上调免疫抑制小鼠核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白1、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白2、受体相互作用蛋白-2和核因子-κB的表达。结论：SCRSS具有作为提高免疫力的功能性食品补充剂的潜力。     

Ochratoxin a in pig kidney determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)

An indirect, double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been validated for application to pig kidney. The specificity of the anti-ochratoxin A antiserum employed is such that minimal sample preparation is required prior to assay, with consequent beneficial effects on sample throughput. Kidneys (303) obtained in the UK as being unsuitable for human consumption were examined for ochratoxin A content by ELISA. Of these, 191 (63%) contained no detectable toxin (the detection limit was 0.5 ng g^?1). Only eight samples (2.6%) contained more than 5 ng g^?1 ochratoxin A, and only two were above 10 ng g^?1 (at 11.5 and 12.4 ng g^?1). The significance of these findings is discussed.     

铁营养状况评价指标的研究进展

本文对目前铁营养状况评价所涉及的主要指标血清铁蛋白、可溶性转铁蛋白受体、C-反应蛋白的研究进展进行了综述.以期为真实反映人群实际的铁营养状况,预防铁缺乏提供参考.     

中国动漫产业存在的问题及分析

21世纪注定是动漫产业横空出世的一个时代。动画经历了漫长的历史,从远古人用静态画记录人体和动物的连续动作,到18世纪末发明了魔术幻灯,直至1913年纽约第一家动画公司的诞生,动画企业吹响了前进的号角。由于动画的高科技、高品位、高投入、高风险、高淘汰和成功作品的高回报的产品特点,现代动画企业生存发展必须具备强劲的竞争力。通过回顾中国动漫发展的历史,分析其发展现状以及存在的问题,寻找到中国动漫产业和动漫企业发展壮大的规律和竞争优势。     

白藜芦醇对KKAy小鼠体质量和脂肪分布的影响及机制

目的:观察白藜芦醇(resveratrol,res)对KKAy小鼠体质量和脂肪分布的影响,并探讨其中机制。方法:将36只8周龄KKAy小鼠分成3组,其中两组KKAy小鼠分别饲喂添加白藜芦醇(以饲料质量2、4g/kg添加)的AIN93G饲料,另外以12只同周龄C57BL/6J小鼠为对照。观察干预12周后白藜芦醇对小鼠体质量及皮下脂肪、附睾脂肪分布的影响;Western blot实验检测不同组小鼠附睾及皮下脂肪组织中沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,sirt-1)、过氧化物增殖物受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,PPARγ)和CCAAT增强子结合蛋白α(CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinα,C/EBPα)蛋白表达水平。结果:白藜芦醇干预可以在不影响摄食量的情况下减轻KKAy小鼠体质量,与模型组相比,高剂量res组小鼠体质量降低,且脂肪组织的质量及与脂肪组织系数降低;附睾及皮下脂肪组织中sirt-1的表达升高,PPARγ及C/EBPα蛋白表达水平降低。结论:白藜芦醇可以减轻肥胖小鼠...     

Serum concentration and mRNA expression in milk somatic cells of toll-like receptor 2, toll-like receptor 4, and cytokines in dairy cows following intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli

The objective of the current study was to investigate the toll-like receptors (TLR), including the soluble forms sTLR2 and sTLR4, involved in innate immune responses of dairy cows to experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis. Six clinically healthy Holstein dairy cows received an intramammary inoculation of E. coli O111:K58 between 63 and 83 d postpartum. Concentrations of sTLR2 and sTLR4, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and acute phase proteins serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) in blood were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, 10 mL of milk was collected from challenged quarters immediately before inoculation and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after inoculation, and mRNA expression of selected genes, including TLR2, TLR4, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8, was quantified by real-time PCR. Escherichia coli intramammary infection elicited a decrease in the circulating levels of leukocytes. Rectal temperature was elevated at 6 h postinoculation (PI). Similarly, the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and SAA increased at 6 h PI. However, serum concentrations of sTLR2, sTLR4, and Hp did not differ after challenge. The mRNA expression of TLR2, IL-1β, and IL-8 in milk somatic cells increased at 12 h PI, whereas a decreased IL-6 mRNA expression was detected from 6 to 48 h PI. In conclusion, we found that TLR2 mRNA expression increased in milk somatic cells collected from infected quarters of cows challenged with E. coli, whereas the concentrations of sTLR2 and sTLR4 remained unchanged after challenge. Thus, sTLR2 and sTLR4 may protect the host by sequestrating pathogen-associated molecular patterns during E. coli mastitis.     

乳源性金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素的检测与基因分型

通过检验各类乳制品收集了大量乳源性金葡菌菌株,应用酶联荧光免疫分析法对菌株的肠毒素进行检测分析,并进一步使用荧光定量PCR法对肠毒素基因进行分型.结果表明,乳源性金葡菌肠毒素的检出率与基因型分布均呈现一定显著特征,应用酶联荧光免疫分析法与荧光定量PCR法对肠毒素的检测结果总体无显著性差异.     

Anaerobic toxicity and biodegradability of pulp mill waste constituents

Batch bioassays have been conducted to characterize the response of methanogenic bacteria to several constituents of sulfite evaporator condensate. The results can be grouped into three ranges with increasingly severe consequences to anaerobic reactors: a low concentration, no effect range; a medium concentration range where methanogenesis is temporarily interrupted or slowed down, but may return to normal; and a high concentration range where methanogenesis is permanently inhibited. In some cases the toxicant was metabolized when present in the lower concentration ranges. There was also evidence that mechanisms other than fermentation to methane were significant in accounting for removal of the toxicants from solution. Organisms acclimated to low concentrations of a toxicant are better able to withstand a shock load of that toxicant than are unacclimated organisms.