Impact of computer training courses on reduction of loneliness of older people in Finland and Slovenia

Previous research has shown loneliness as a threat for the quality of life of older people; therefore the goal of the intervention in a quasi-experimental study was to evaluate and discuss the self-reported level of loneliness of older people in Finland and Slovenia before and after a computer intervention. Intervention in a quasi-experimental study was conducted among 58 older participants at the baseline (M = 72.4 years) and 45 older participants at the follow-up research study (M = 72.9 years). Inferential statistics showed a significant difference in the reduction of loneliness between the countries, and a decreased level of loneliness of older people after completing the computer training course. Although older people experience many age-related problems which may reduce their interest in learning information and communication technology (ICT) skills, it is important that they are computer-proficient, because computer engagement can reduce the level of loneliness of older people and in this way has a positive effect on their quality of life.     

Individual differences,exercise and leisure activity in predicting affective well-being in young adults

This study focuses on the prevalence of exercise and health-related leisure activities (smoking, drinking), across groups of subjects, defined by personality and gender, in relation to subjective well-being. Results from a cross-sectional survey of 187 participants are reported. Males (n = 80) reported more drinking (p < 0.001) and smoking (p < 0.001) than females, though they also reported higher habitual physical activity levels (p < 0.001). Females (n = 107) reported more frequent use of social support coping (p < 0.01). There was a positive association between extraversion and self-reported habitual physical activity as well as alcohol consumption (even when controlling for gender). Neuroticism was not related to any of the exercise and leisure activity variables. Multiple regression analyses predicted 34% of variance for the depression-enthusiasm and 39% of the variance for the anxiety-contentment measures of affective well-being. Neuroticism (p < 0.001) and avoidance coping (p < 0.05) were the only significant predictors of both anxiety-contentment and depression-enthusiasm. It is concluded that the influence of individual differences such as personality and gender on coping behaviour and well-being is consistent with social learning theory research. Limitations of cross-sectional research designs necessitate caution with inferring causal paths. Recommendations for future research are presented concerning the use and value of repeated measures designs within research into exercise and well-being.     

The effects of warnings and an educational brochure on computer working posture: a test of the C-HIP model in the context of RSI-relevant behaviour

This study tested whether warnings can result in a better working posture with respect to RSI prevention compared with an educational brochure. By using a warning, the information provision on how to prevent RSI can be shorter and only interrupts with the task at hand for a short time. Five conditions were created to compare the effects on position adjustments of a warning displayed on the computer screen, a warning hanging on the wall, an educational brochure, a neutral interruption on the computer screen, and no intervention. Systematic observations of respondents' working postures showed that the computer warning led to significantly more correct position adjustments than the educational brochure and the two control situations, whereas the wall warning condition did not differ significantly from all other conditions. Questionnaires were used to study whether the number of position adjustments in the conditions could be explained by Wogalter's communication-human information processing (C-HIP) model. The questionnaire data suggest that the effect of the computer warning is caused by heightened attention for this type of intervention. The other stages of the C-HIP model—knowledge, attitude change, and motivation—might not be necessary in this situation in the explanation of behavioural changes. The conclusion is that warnings may be able to successfully replace educational brochures to produce behavioural changes.     

Can participatory ergonomics become 'the way we do things in this firm'- The Scandinavian approach to participatory ergonomics

Under the label ‘participatory ergonomics’ the idea of establishing changes in working conditions through participatory approaches has been a central issue within ergonomics. Tools and procedures have been developed and demonstrated beneficial. But how this approach can be established as the way changes are made in firms have only had limited attention. In the Scandinavian countries legislation has, through mandatory joint working environment committees, tried to establish an organizational unit promoting direct participation. Several studies have showed that the intentions of the legislators are not automatically fulfilled, and they have reviled preconditions for more successful acheivement. This opens for many supplementary regulatory strategies to improve activities in firms, but one has been in focus: establishing formalized management systems within occupational health and safety. This strategy may be contrary to the general intentions in the laws. Some of the conditions which must be taken into consideration are discussed.     

加强和改进大学生心理健康教育工作的探索与实践

大学生的心理健康问题越来越引起教育工作者的关注,如何探索和建立一整套实用、有效的心理健康教育机制,帮助当代大学生健康成长,既是新时期培养高素质人才的迫切需要,也是高等院校需要直面的现实问题.本文通过北京林业大学在大学生心理健康教育工作方面做出的努力和探索,以希望能为大学生心理健康教育工作的深入而有效地开展提供可资借鉴的经验.     

Performance updating of concrete bridges using proactive health monitoring methods

Uncertainties associated with modelling of deteriorating bridges strongly affect management decisions, such as inspection, maintenance and repair actions. These uncertainties can be reduced by the effective use of health monitoring systems, through which information regarding in situ performance can be incorporated in the management of bridges.The objectives of this paper are twofold; first, an improved chloride induced deterioration model for concrete bridges is proposed that can quantify degradation in performance soon after chlorides are deposited on the bridge, rather than when initiation of corrosion at the reinforcement level takes place. As a result, the implications of introducing proactive health monitoring can be assessed using probabilistic durability criteria. Thus, the second objective of the paper is to present a methodology for performance updating of deteriorating concrete bridges fitted with a proactive health monitoring system.This methodology is illustrated via a simple example of a typical bridge element, such as a beam or a part of a slab. The results highlight the benefits from introducing ‘smart’ technology in managing bridges subject to deterioration, and quantify the reduction in uncertainties and their subsequent effect on predictions of future bridge performance.     

General Liability Insurance Coverage for Mold Claims

Although humans and mold have coexisted for centuries, the effects of mold on health and property have recently received considerable attention. Members of the construction industry and commercial property owners are, with increasing frequency, finding themselves defending claims of property damage or personal injury due to indoor mold growth. These designers, builders, and property owners frequently turn to their general liability insurance carriers for defense and indemnification without having a full understanding of the protections afforded by their commercial general liability policies. This article provides an introduction to the typical coverages and exclusions applicable to mold related claims submitted for general liability coverage. This article also discusses maximizing the potential for coverage by notifying and cooperating with one’s insurer and provides guidance on the avoidance of indoor mold growth and claims. Questions concerning the meaning and effect of particular insurance policy provisions and the availability of additional or alternative coverages should be directed to one’s insurance professional or coverage attorney.     

Mental Health Services for Native Americans in the 21st Century United States.

As the population of American Indians and Alaska Natives continues to expand in the 21st century United States, an increasing number of professional psychologists will be called upon to provide culturally appropriate mental health services for Native American people and their communities. This article provides a general overview of contemporary tribal America before describing the legal, political, and institutional contexts for mental health service delivery administered through the federally sponsored Indian Health Service. Recommendations for mental health professionals who desire to avoid a subtle but profound Western cultural proselytization in their therapeutic service to Native clients and their communities are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

贫化铀的环境污染影响及其对人体健康的危害

贫化铀是铀富集过程中产生的副产品。由于其独特的物理特性,被广泛开发利用到民用和军事用途。“海湾战争综合症”和“巴尔干综合症”引起了人们对贫铀使用后,对环境污染的影响和对人体健康效应研究的重视。贫铀的危害来自化学毒性和放射性毒性两个方面。由于贫铀的放射性比活度低,而且主要发射α粒子,所以来自贫铀的辐射伤害主要是吸入贫铀气溶胶后对肺和其他器官较长时间的内照射。