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71.
Medical knowledge representation and management is concerned with how to organise the often vague clinical experience of medical staff required for computable models. However, few knowledge management and acquisition tools have entered routine use, since such tools are not perceived by physicians as part of the clinical information process. An attempt to partially solve this problem, we identify two key aspects of knowledge representation and management tasks. The first is to adopt a medical knowledge standardisation to provide a consistent terminology control and to simplify the integration between knowledge management tools and the health information system. The second is to establish an effective knowledge acquisition process in specific medical fields by adapting knowledge acquisition tools. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to define computational models and to design mechanisms for the effective acquisition and management of medical knowledge in real-life hospital departments. To this end, we analyse the representation of medical knowledge (based on deep-causal models) and the development of knowledge management tools (based on ontologies), integrated within the information processing activities of the clinical user. Finally, we illustrate its applicability in the Intensive Care Unit and Pediatry scenarios.  相似文献   
72.
武盛 《上海染料》2009,37(5):67-69
该文以访谈形式介绍浙江龙盛集团董事长阮伟祥在金融危机中逆势勇进,带领龙盛员工坚定信心,迎难而上,实现企业的新发展。  相似文献   
73.
Korea is experiencing an extraordinarily rapid demographic transition. We investigated the short-term association between air pollution and mortality and assessed the impact of improved air quality on mortality in a rapidly aging city, Seoul, Korea.The generalized additive model (GAM) was used to estimate the relative risks (RR) of mortality associated with changes in air pollution. The time trends, seasonal variations, day of the week effects, and weather effects were controlled in the models. To estimate the health benefits, we used the US Environmental Protection Agency's BenMAP.For people 0–64 years of age, elderly people (65+ years), and all age groups, an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10 was associated with increases in daily death counts of 0.27% (95% CI: 0.04–0.50), 0.45% (95% CI: 0.27–0.64), and 0.37% (95% CI: 0.23–0.52), respectively. For ages 0–64 years, elderly people, and all age groups, a 10 ppb increase in 1-hour maximum ozone concentration resulted in an increased risk of daily death counts of 0.28% (95% CI: − 0.19–0.74), 0.96% (95% CI: 0.46–1.47), and 0.81% (95% CI: 0.35–1.26), respectively.For elderly people, it was estimated that the health benefits of attaining the World Health Organization's (WHO) air quality guidelines (AQGs) for PM10 (24-hour average 50 μg/m3) would suggest an annual reduction of 964 (95% CI: 564–1366) premature deaths, and 329 (95% CI: 159–500) premature deaths could be prevented annually in 2015 from attaining the WHO's guidelines for ozone (8-hour average 100 μg/m3).The rapid increase of the elderly population has major consequences and implications for society and public health. This study showed that elderly people are at higher risk for the acute mortality effects of air pollution. Therefore, cleaner air will substantially contribute to improved public health in Seoul, given the growing concern about the adverse effects of air pollution for elderly people.  相似文献   
74.
W. J. Fisk  W. R. Chan 《Indoor air》2017,27(1):191-204
Increases in hospital admissions and deaths are associated with increases in outdoor air particles during wildfires. This analysis estimates the health benefits expected if interventions had improved particle filtration in homes in Southern California during a 10‐day period of wildfire smoke exposure. Economic benefits and intervention costs are also estimated. The six interventions implemented in all affected houses are projected to prevent 11% to 63% of the hospital admissions and 7% to 39% of the deaths attributable to wildfire particles. The fraction of the population with an admission attributable to wildfire smoke is small, thus, the costs of interventions in all homes far exceeds the economic benefits of reduced hospital admissions. However, the estimated economic value of the prevented deaths exceed or far exceed intervention costs for interventions that do not use portable air cleaners. For the interventions with portable air cleaner use, mortality‐related economic benefits exceed intervention costs as long as the cost of the air cleaners, which have a multi‐year life, are not attributed to the short wildfire period. Cost effectiveness is improved by intervening only in the homes of the elderly who experience most of the health effects of particles from wildfires.  相似文献   
75.
How can healthcare designers reliably cater for both functional needs and patient wellbeing? An evidence-based approach is the answer. Corbett Lyon , a founding director of Melbourne-based practice Lyons, explains how over the last two decades his firm has engaged with all levels of stakeholders – from managers, clinicians and administrators to patients and communities – to produce buildings that are at their service. After spending most of the twentieth century on the sidelines of this area of design, such research is allowing architects to reclaim a central role in a field that affects us all, from hospital facilities to care homes.  相似文献   
76.
河流健康的内涵   总被引:54,自引:5,他引:54  
河流健康不是严格意义上的科学概念,而是一种河流管理的评估工具.其作用是建立相对基准点和评估准则体系,对于在自然力与人类活动双重作用下的河流生态系统状况进行动态监测与评估,以研究其演进趋势并通过管理促其向良性方向发展.河流健康评估准则应体现开发与保护的平衡,应体现流域各个利益相关者的利益协调.河流污染是对我国河流健康的最大威胁,治污是我国现阶段河流生态环境建设的首要任务.  相似文献   
77.
发酵乳的营养与保健作用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
发酵乳,它是以乳或乳制品为主要原料,通过接种乳酸菌发酵后而制成.这种乳制品除含有丰富的蛋白质、糖类、矿物质及各种维生素外,还由于乳酸菌的作用,使乳中不易被人体消化吸收的乳糖变为乳酸,起到抑制肠道中有害微生物的生长繁殖、增进人体消化吸收的作用.  相似文献   
78.
Healthiness is an often-reported consideration related to the snack choice of mothers for their children. Mothers’ perceived healthiness of a certain snack could be diverse and different compared to the actual nutritional healthiness of that specific snack. Diary studies and in-depth interviews with 22 Dutch mothers were conducted. During the interviews, four different types of cookies were presented and discussed. Data from the diaries and the interviews were transcribed, coded and grouped and presented in tables. All mothers mentioned health as a consideration while providing snacks both in the interviews and in the diaries. For more than two-thirds of the mothers, health was the most important consideration. Three types of mothers were defined according to healthiness perception: “product mothers”, who related the healthiness of a snack to the intrinsic product properties, the “balancing mothers” who related the healthiness of the snack to the whole diet and the context, and the “not that important mothers”, for whom the healthiness of a snack was not that relevant because the healthy foods were already eaten during the main meals. The results of this study could be used for efficient communication to help mothers meet children’s dietary requirements and they could be relevant for the design of new snack products.  相似文献   
79.
In Ireland, in 2008, pig feed manufactured from recycled human food became contaminated with dioxin and this led to a global recall of all Irish pork products produced from 1st September to 6th December 2008. This case study illustrates several points a) the food chain is only as secure as its weakest link, b) due to the complexity of the modern food chain, once pork is processed, precise traceability to a particular farm of origin is impossible, c) even with a single food agency, overseeing the policing of the food chain, things can go wrong, d) it demonstrated the benefits of having credible consumer protection agencies to undertake scientific risk assessment and communicate with the public, e) if risk management decisions are taken quickly, and communicated in an open and transparent manner to the public, adverse human health effects can be avoided and consumer confidence can maintained, f) in the EU the legal limit for dioxins in pork fat is 1 picogram per gram (10-12 ) and attempting to communicate the risks associated with this level of contamination plus the concepts of bioaccumulation and body burden and the need for continued exposure to result in adverse health effects is extremely challenging, g) there was a major economic impact and damage to the country’s reputation as a food exporter and finally h) it illustrates that prevention is better that crisis management. Other countries can learn lessons from this incident that may prevent similar occurrences in their jurisdictions.  相似文献   
80.
介绍生态健康旅游袜产品的创意设计思路及工艺设计,包括产品定位设计、功能设计、品质设计、外观设计、包装设计。阐述生态健康旅游袜产品的生产工艺流程,包括纤维生产工艺、短流程快速纺纱生产工艺、生态健康旅游袜生产工艺。详细分析生态健康旅游袜产品主体纤维材料的选择,并以生态健康旅途袜产品开发为例,介绍袜品研发过程,并对袜品进行性能测试。总结生态健康旅游袜的产品定位原则、创意设计思想及研发关键技术,对功能性袜品的设计开发具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   
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