改善剩余活性污泥过滤性能的研究

本文采用FeCl_3、Al_2(SO_4)_3和聚丙烯酰胺三种混凝剂,研究了混凝剂剂量与剩余活性污泥比阻值的关系,优化出最佳混凝剂种类和剂量,对降低污泥处理的运行费用具有实际指导意义。     

从富银渣中回收银的方法研究

本文通过试验,研究了从铜阳极泥富银渣中回收银的一些方法,并对其优缺点进行了比较,提出了水合肼还原法是目前制取粉末冶金用纯银粉的一种很有前任的方法。     

磷酸酸泥在过磷酸钙生产中的利用

介绍26%～28%中低品位磷矿加磷酸酸泥生产一级品过磷酸钙的技术.生产试验表明,在过磷酸钙生产过程中添加1.5～3.5m3/h的酸泥,可使最终产品w(P2O5有效)提高到16.5%左右,每吨产品硫酸消耗减少30～40kg,使用26%～28%品位磷矿石可生产出一级品过磷酸钙.     

The effect of various reaction parameters on bioremediation of perchlorate-contaminated water

The bioremediation was employed to treat perchlorate-contaminated water. All enrichments and growth of mixed cultures were performed in anaerobic acetate medium. Enrichment cultures were started with activated sludge obtained from a local wastewater treatment plant where it predominantly treats domestic wastewater. Several parameters affecting perchlorate removal were examined through batch experiments, these include the amount of domesticated sludge, the acetate concentration, pH, the C/N ratio and the reaction temperature. The results indicated that acetate was an effective carbon source and electron donor. Under the selected conditions, namely 1.0 g domesticated sludge, an acetate concentration of 1.2 g l(-1), pH 8.0, a C/N ratio of 20 at 40 degrees C, 50 mg l(-1) perchlorate could be rapidly reduced to non-detectable levels within 24 h.     

产电微生物对SMFC产电及降解性能的影响

目的在以含油污泥为阳极底泥的沉积型微生物燃料电池(SMFC)体系中,通过改变产电微生物种类和分布方式,探究产电微生物对SMFC产电及降解性能的影响。 方法通过采集输出电压、功率密度、表观内阻来检测石油去除率,比较了不同单菌-SMFC、不同混合菌-SMFC的产电性能和降解性能,考查了菌种分布对SMFC性能的影响。 结果在单菌-SMFC中,弗氏柠檬酸杆菌-SMFC的产电及降解性能均优于其他5种单菌构筑的SMFC;混合菌-SMFC的产电及降解性能较单菌-SMFC有较大提升,且其中蜡样芽孢杆菌+中间苍白杆菌-SMFC的产电及降解性能最优,输出电压可达到515.30 mV;菌种分布在阳极材料中和阳极底泥中都可以降解含油污泥中的有机物,但是菌种分布在阳极材料中更有利于SMFC产电性能及降解性能的发挥。 结论混合菌相对于单菌能够显著提升SMFC的产电及降解性能,而且菌种分布在阳极材料中更有益于SMFC产电性能及降解性能的发挥。      

Sulfidation treatment of copper-containing plating sludge towards copper resource recovery

The present study is concerned with the sulfidation treatment of copper-containing plating sludge towards copper resource recovery by flotation of copper sulfide from treated sludge. The sulfidation treatment was carried out by contacting simulated or real copper plating sludge with Na(2)S solution for a period of 5 min to 24 h. The initial molar ratio of S(2-) to Cu(2+) (S(2-) to Me(2+) in the case of real sludge) was adjusted to 1.00, 1.25 or 1.50, while the solid to liquid ratio was set at 1:50. As a result, it was found that copper compounds were converted to various copper sulfides within the first 5 min. In the case of simulated copper sludge, CuS was identified as the main sulfidation product at the molar ratio of S(2-) to Cu(2+) of 1.00, while Cu(7)S(4) (Roxbyite) was mainly found at the molar ratios of S(2-) to Cu(2+) of 1.50 and 1.25. Based on the measurements of oxidation-reduction potential, the formation of either CuS or Cu(7)S(4) at different S(2-) to Cu(2+) molar ratios was attributed to the changes in the oxidation-reduction potential. By contrast, in the case of sulfidation treatment of real copper sludge, CuS was predominantly formed, irrespective of S(2-) to Me(2+) molar ratio.     

秸秆预处理方法的筛选

农作物秸秆组分结构特殊,秸秆中的木质纤维素很难被酸和酶降解。解决了木质素的降解问题,就能提高秸秆的降解性能。研究开发适宜的预处理技术是一种重要的降解木质素方法。通过预处理技术,使木质纤维素首先降解成简单成分,从而有利于随后的厌氧消化过程。通过试验,分析了不同的预处理方法对秸秆组分降解率的影响和污泥预处理方法的筛选,最终得出：最佳预处理方法为稀硫酸预处理法,处理条件如下：硫酸浓度：0．7％;处理温度：121℃;预处理时间：1h。     

城市污水处理厂增加脱氮除磷功能的改造实践

为了满足国家对城市污水厂出水氮磷的排放要求,采用倒置AAO工艺对常州市某污水处理厂的三期工程原有普通活性污泥法工艺进行了改造.在没有新建生化反应池和增加回流系统的前提下,通过提高活性污泥浓度,在原生化反应池内进行了缺氧/厌氧/好氧功能区的分配,取得了良好的脱氮除磷效果.新工艺对NH3-N和TP的去除率均达到90%以上,对TN的去除率为45.4%.通过对生化反应池内污染物浓度沿程变化情况的监测,初步分析了工艺运行机理,为今后其它城市污水厂的改造积累了经验.     

污水处理运行模式对好氧颗粒污泥特性的影响

研究了运行模式的改变对好氧颗粒污泥优势丝状菌种类,以及对污泥特性所产生的影响.结果表明,序批式活性污泥法反应器(SBR)中出现大量外伸型丝状菌Type 021N,但并未阻碍污泥的颗粒化,且随着絮体污泥颗粒化进程的推进,其对污泥沉降性的影响也在逐步减小,最终得到平均粒径为0.75 mm、污泥容积指数为43 mL/g的成熟...     

基于国际评价基准的溶解氧控制方法研究

针对活性污泥污水处理过程溶解氧浓度(DO)控制的非线性特性，以DO为控制对象、国际评价基准（benchmark）为平台，将PID控制、增益调度控制和一般模型控制(GMC)方法应用于DO控制中，并进行了控制器性能的比较．仿真结果表明，所提一般模型非线性控制方法的性能优于其他两种控制方法，体现出该方法的有效性和优越性．