净水厂生产废水回用中丙烯酰胺的风险控制

以西安市某地表水厂为例,针对生产废水回用后出厂水中丙烯酰胺含量超标问题,进行了相关的风险控制研究.研究结果表明:对不同浓度的污泥,投加阴离子型和阳离子型PAM均能有效降低污泥比阻值,改善污泥的脱水性能,但使用阴离子型PAM,出厂水丙烯酰胺含量更低.综合考虑污泥脱水效果及脱水分离液中丙烯酰胺的残留量,采用阴离子型PAM,投药量在0.09～0.16g/L之间时,可有效控制出厂水中丙烯酰胺含量超标的风险.     

Technological and environmental behavior of sewage sludge ash (SSA) in cement-based materials

Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is a waste material obtained from the incineration of wastewater sludge. The physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of SSA, and the evaluation of its use in cement-based materials, are presented in this paper. Results show that SSA is composed of irregular grains having a high specific surface area and thus leading to a significantly high water demand. A fraction of the ash is rapidly soluble (sulfates, aluminum and silica) and can create new-formed products in presence of lime. SSA induces short delays of cement hydration, probably due to both minor elements of the ash and dilution effect. Compressive strengths of mortars containing 25% and 50% of SSA are always lower than those of reference mortars but it is shown that SSA has a long-term positive effect which might be related to a slight pozzolanic activity. The amount of elements leached from SSA mortars is slightly higher than from the reference mortar without residue but it remains of the same order of magnitude. An extensive literature review was performed in order to compare the residue used in this study with others included in the same category. This analysis highlighted the principal characteristics that must be taken into account to use SSA correctly in cement-based materials.     

粉煤灰在电镀行业中的应用

本文主要阐述了粉煤灰在电镀行业中的研究现状及应用状况,分析讨论了粉煤灰处理电镀污染物的机理,对比了现有的电镀污染物传统处理方法,并指出了粉煤灰在电镀行业应用中存在的问题及发展前景.     

脱氮除磷污泥（混合液）回流方法

简要分析了脱氮除磷工艺三种污泥(混合液)回流方法(泵提升法,叶轮搅拌提升法和空气提升法)各自的特点,并认为由于叶轮搅拌提升法和空气提升法便于实现构筑物一体化,可以简化工艺流程,节省基建投资,而且能耗低,操作简单,在拟建的中小规模污水处理厂中具有良好的应用前景。     

低水温、低有机负荷条件下CAST工艺城市污水处理厂的启动调试及活性污泥培养

目的为北方城市污水处理的CAST工艺在冬季进水温度低和有机负荷低的条件下进行启动调试及活性污泥培养驯化提供经验，促进该工艺在寒冷地区的推广应用．方法采用接种法培养活性污泥，通过控制曝气量以减少曝气过程中的热量损失．结果在冬季进水温度低和有机负荷低的条件下，采用接种法培养驯化活性污泥20d就能完成污泥培养驯化，满足污水处理要求，使出水达到了设计标准．结论北方城市污水处理的CAST工艺在冬季启动调试及活性污泥培养时，采用接种法培养活性污泥能够克服有机负荷低的缺点，控制曝气量能够减少进水热量的损失，避免进水温度降低．为微生物的生长创造了条件，提高了污水处理效果．     

活性污泥生物吸附性能的研究

探讨了活性污泥生物吸附作用的影响因素。吸附性能随温度升高而降低,在20~30min之间,可达到吸附平衡,且温度越高,达到吸附平衡的时间越长;活性污泥对悬浮性有机物的吸附性能高于对溶解性和胶体性有机物的吸附;对高浓度污水吸附性能高于低浓度污水的吸附性能;抑制剂对污泥的吸附作用有影响。     

活性污泥法污水处理数学模型的发展和应用

综述了活性污泥法污水处理数学模型自20世纪50年代以来的发展历程； 阐述了国际水协会（IWA）推出的活性污泥1号、2号、2D号、3号模型（ASM1、ASM2、ASM2D、ASM3）各自的特点和使用限制条件； 介绍了几种基于ASM系列模型的具有代表性的商业化仿真软件． 最后，还就ASM系列模型的三个应用难点——水质的分析测定、模型简化、参数校正进行了讨论．     

从硫酸锌溶液净化渣回收锌和钴

西北铅锌冶炼厂锌系统湿法冶炼工艺采用二段深度净化除去硫酸锌溶液中的杂质。文章研究了从二段净化产生的渣中回收锌和其它有价金属的工艺。提出了新产生的二段净化渣用水分散一加稀硫酸溶液选择性浸出锌的工艺。完成了1kg级的小型试验、15kg级的放大试验。研究结果显示，控制浸出过程pH≥3、5，终点pH3．5～4．5，可使锌95％以上进入溶液返回主流程回收，钴90％以上残留在渣中待处理，达到了锌、钴分离的目的。     

转炉废水处理与回收利用

采用湿法除尘方法研究转妒除尘，在生产条件下，通过湿法除尘后，废水中绝大多数悬浮颗粒被除去，悬浮物稳定在一定范围，便于循环利用；污泥回收利用。     

Sludge Production and Settleability in Biofilm-Activated Sludge Process

The sludge production and settleability have been estimated experimentally in a completely mixed biofilm-activated sludge reactor (hybrid reactor). A steady-state hybrid reactor was run at different stages of suspended biomass concentration (X) under constant values of influent substrate concentration (So) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). The values of X were gradually decreased in these stages until the system completely washed out of the suspended biomass and converted to pure biofilm reactor. As a result, the role of biofilm in the treatment gradually increased with an increase in the effluent substrate concentration (S). The experiment was supported by a mathematical expression for describing the sludge yield in the system under the previous conditions. The experimental and theoretical studies in the present work reveal that there is a critical phase of the hybrid system at which the system produces a high rate of excess sludge. That critical phase is found at a specific ratio between the suspended and the attached growth. Avoiding that critical phase enables the sludge production in the hybrid reactor to be reduced and optimized. Further, the minimum sludge production was found when the biofilm is theoretically inactive for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (S相似文献