Response to walnut olfactory and visual cues by the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha juglandis

Diachasmimorpha juglandis is a specialist parasitoid attacking fly larvae in the genus Rhagoletis that feed exclusively on walnut fruit husks. In a free-foraging assay comparing response to uninfested, infested, and mechanically damaged fruits, we first determined that D. juglandis use host feeding damage on the fruit as a cue for host presence. In another free-foraging assay that used artificial walnut models and wind tunnel experiments, D. juglandis distinguished infested from uninfested fruits by using either olfactory or visual cues separately. However, the response rate of wasps in the wind tunnel was raised considerably when visual cues were also available. We analyzed the volatile compounds emitted by cohorts of uninfested, mechanically damaged, and infested fruits 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 days after oviposition by flies into the infested fruits. Total volatile emissions did not differ significantly among treatments, but quantitative changes in volatiles distinguished infested fruits from uninfested and damaged fruits. The fact that parasitoids did not distinguish between infested and damaged fruits in assays where damage was visible indicates that they rely on visual cues when those are available.     

Flight and landing behavior ofTrypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in response to different semiochemicals

The responses of the striped ambrosia beetle,Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to modified drainpipe traps baited with the host attractant ethanol, the aggregation pheromone lineatin, both alone and in combination, were studied in a wind tunnel. Exposure of males to ethanol increased their frequency of steady, upwind flight; however, only lineatin was effective in inducing them to land on and enter the traps. In contrast, exposure of females to either ethanol or lineatin alone resulted in an increased frequency of trap landing and entry. Both compounds released simultaneously did not significantly increase the frequency of trap landing and entry for either sex. These responses are consistent with the life history strategies used by both sexes to seek and colonize suitable host material.     

隧道窑预热带烟气流动对上下温差的影响

为减小隧道窑预热带上下温差,利用计算机数值模拟对预热带温度场进行研究,找出烟气流动对隧道窑预热带上下温差的影响规律.在预热带内来流烟气的温度保持不变,速度为0.5～1.0 m/s时,窑内温度均匀性较好.在保持来流烟气温度和速度不变的情况下,码料密度的合适值为孔隙率在0.208～0.408范围内,可提高产品的质量和产量.     

上海东方体育中心综合体育馆屋盖结构风振分析

在屋盖同步风洞试验测量的基础上,采用CQC法对上海东方体育中心综合体育馆大跨屋盖进行了较为准确的空间风振分析。分析了多个复杂空间振型对有代表性节点的动位移根方差的影响,得到本体育馆的最大参振振型为30阶;考虑了两种荷载组合工况,比较了工况1、工况2和自重作用下屋盖结构的节点位移和基底反力,工况1作用下的节点位移和基底反力最大,工况2作用下的相应结果最小;最后给出了5个不利风向下的位移风振系数,可供参考。     

新型半刚性网壳锚喷支护技术在软岩巷道中的适用性研究

通过对钢筋网壳锚喷支护的技术特色、结构特点、支护原理的研究,分析了半刚性网壳支护结构对软岩支护的适应性。并完成了室内整架载荷试验。结合在桃园矿的应用情况,阐述了其支护参数选择和施工工艺,并对其进行现场监测,分析了这种新型支护形式的支护性能。实践证明,空间网壳锚喷支护结构与围岩相互作用的整体性好,具有良好的力学性能与较高的承载能力,是软岩巷道中的一种既经济又安全可靠的支护结构形式。     

并联旁侧支路风流逆转次序的实验研究

为研究上行通风网络火灾中并联旁侧支路风流逆转次序的问题,设计并制作了一个包含3条并联支路的小型模拟实验台.在其中1条支路中设置了燃烧器,用来模拟火灾支路;另两条模拟旁侧支路.取旁侧支路长度及初始风速(点火前的风速)的不同组合,分别进行模拟实验.利用热线风速仪和烟迹观测了两条旁侧支路中风流逆转的过程.结果表明:上行风流火灾中两条并联的旁侧支路可以在不同时刻发生风流逆转;风流逆转次序取决于两条支路长度与初始风速的乘积之比;长度与初始风速乘积较小的支路将较早发生风流逆转.     

基坑加固扰动引起地铁隧道隆起变形

针对如何控制上方基坑底部加固扰动引起下卧地铁隧道的变形、确保地铁安全运营的问题.结合上海市浦东新区东方路-张扬路地下立交工程,在考虑隧道等效刚度、施工卸荷以及加固抑制回弹的效果等因素的基础上,对上方搅拌桩施工扰动引起正在运营地铁隧道的竖向隆起变形进行了机理分析,推导出基于Winkler模型计算隧道竖向位移的方法并进行了理论计算.结果表明:上层加固扰动引起隧道的竖向位移是非常可观的,需引起足够重视.并将计算结果和实测数据进行了对比.在此研究基础上提出了一系列控制上层搅拌桩施工引起运营地铁隧道位移的施工方法.     

直流式低速风洞流动特性研究

针对新建的东北电力大学直流式低速风洞,介绍了其流场品质的测试方法和测试数据分析.包括:实验段风速、气流稳定性、流场均匀性、气流偏角、紊流度等五项,给出了测量的数值结果和相关参数的分布曲线,并确定了风机工作频率与气体流速之间的关系.     

隧道运营风险系统解释结构模型研究

随着隧道在现代交通系统中扮演着越来越重要的角色,对隧道运营期风险问题的研究具有十分重要的理论与实践价值。文中建立隧道运营期风险因素解释结构模型,系统分析隧道运营期风险因素,得到一个递进的层次关系,并且能得出影响隧道运营期风险的直接和间接的因素。在此基础上,提出适当的控制隧道运营期风险因素措施,能够有效降低隧道运营期出现事故的可能性。     

倒U型泄洪洞水力特性试验研究

雷公洞枢纽是岩溶地区堵塞溶洞形成的水利水电工程,受其特殊的地形地质条件限制,泄洪洞采用了较为罕见的倒U型布置,洞内最大水头140m,下游陡坡泄槽段最大流速高达50m/s左右,各种因素使得本工程泄洪洞水力特性变得十分复杂.通过模型试验研究这种高水头、高流速且布置形式特殊的泄洪洞水力特性:水流流态、压力、流速以及空化情况等,并比选了不同的闸门方案及闸门槽与下游泄槽之间的衔接段体型,给出了泄洪洞体型的优化修改意见,研究成果可为类似工程设计提供参考.