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31.
32.
The object of this study was to investigate the loss of hydrophobic polypeptides, which are important for foam quality and stability in finished beer. Loss of hydrophobic polypeptide due to fermenter foaming occurs during transfer of fermented wort since a gradient of hydrophobic polypeptides towards the surface is created during fermentation. Due to higher polyphenol levels in high gravity (20°Plato) wort, more hydrophobic polypeptides are lost due to cold break (cold trub) precipitation compared to low gravity (12°Plato) wort. Another important factor affecting the loss of hydrophobic polypeptides could be proteinase A activity during fermentation, especially in high gravity fermentation where the yeast is exposed the higher stress. During high gravity fermentation, where osmotic pressures are higher, ethanol levels become greater, and nitrogen‐carbohydrate ratios are lower, more proteinase A is released by the yeast. This release of proteinase A into fermenting wort could have implications for the foam stability of the finished product. 相似文献
33.
Novel polyurethane insulating coatings were prepared from the reaction of glycerin‐terminated polyurethane prepolymers (GPUPs) and a blocked isocyanate curing agent (BIC). The GPUPs were prepared from the reaction of one equivalent of polycaprolactone polyol (CAPA 210) with an excess amount of 4,4′‐methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and subsequent reaction of the NCO‐terminated polyurethane with glycerin. The BIC was prepared from the reaction of trimethylol propane (TMP), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and N‐methylaniline (NMA). The polyols and curing agent were characterized by conventional methods while the curing condition was optimized via gel content measurements. The curing kinetics of the polyurethane coating were investigated and the kinetic parameters derived. The crosslink densities of the samples were determined via the equilibrium swelling method, using the Flory–Rehner equation. The relationships between the crosslink density and the electrical, physical, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the coatings were also studied. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
34.
There are many variables in the preparation of aqueous polyurethane (PU) dispersions. Carboxylic acid content, solid content, degree of pre/postneutralization of the carboxylic acids, and chain extension all impact dispersion particle size, viscosity, pH, molecular weights, and glass transition temperature. This study evaluated the impact of these variables on a given PU dispersion formulation prepared from isophorone diisocyanate, an aliphatic polyester polyol, dimethylol propionic acid, and hexamethylene diamine with triethyl amine as the neutralizing base and N‐methyl pyrrolidone as the cosolvent. Changes in carboxylic acid content, degree of preneutralization, and chain extension were found to have the expected impacts on dispersions properties. Increased ionic content in the dispersion step led to lower particle size and higher viscosity, increased chain extension with its concurrent increase in molecular improved subsequent film properties. Surprising results were obtained by varying the amount of postneutralization and from increased solids content at the time of dispersion. Unexpectedly, both of these variations led to much higher dispersion viscosities and particle size in solution. To have these changes take place, it is theorized that there is a major change in solution morphology caused by these modifications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2514–2520, 2005 相似文献
35.
浅谈门式刚架轻型钢结构厂房中抗风柱的设置 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对抗风柱上下端的节点几种形式进行分析比较,提出建议性的节点连续方式。 相似文献
36.
Craig S. Long Albert A. Groenwold 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2004,61(6):837-855
Reduced integration is frequently used in evaluating the element stiffness matrix of quadratically interpolated finite elements. Typical examples are the serendipity (Q8) and Lagrangian (Q9) membrane finite elements, for which a reduced 2 × 2 Gauss–Legendre integration rule is frequently used, as opposed to full 3 × 3 Gauss–Legendre integration. This ‘softens’ these element, thereby increasing accuracy, albeit at the introduction of spurious zero energy modes on the element level. This is in general not considered problematic for the ‘hourglass’ mode common to Q8 and Q9 elements, since this spurious mode is non‐communicable. The remaining two zero energy modes occurring in the Q9 element are indeed communicable. However, in topology optimization for instance, conditions may arise where the non‐communicable spurious mode associated with the elements becomes activated. To effectively suppress these modes altogether in elements employing quadratic interpolation fields, two modified quadratures are employed herein. For the Q8 and Q9 membrane elements, the respective rules are a five and an eight point rule. As compared to fully integrated elements, the new rules enhance element accuracy due to the introduction of soft, higher‐order deformation modes. A number of standard test problems reveal that element accuracy remains comparable to that of the under‐integrated counterparts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
37.
38.
FANGLiang XIAOFeng TAOZainan KusuhiroMukai 《武汉理工大学学报(材料科学英文版)》2005,20(2):67-70
The density of liquid Ni- Ta alloys was measured by using a modified sessile drop method. It is found that the density of the liquid Ni- Ta alloys decreases with the increasing temperature, but increases with the increase of tantalum concentration in the alloys. The molar volume of liquid Ni- Ta binary alloys increases with the increase of temperature ancl tantalum concentration. 相似文献
39.
梁昔明 《中南工业大学学报(英文版)》2005,12(1):93-96
An active set truncated-Newton algorithm (ASTNA) is proposed to solve the large-scale bound constrained sub-problems. The global convergence of the algorithm is obtained and two groups of numerical experiments are made for the various large-scale problems of varying size. The comparison results between ASTNA and the subspace limited memory quasi-Newton algorithm and between the modified augmented Lagrange multiplier methods combined with ASTNA and the modified barrier function method show the stability and effectiveness of ASTNA for simultaneous optimization of distillation column. 相似文献
40.
PMMA/PBA乳胶IPN阻尼材料的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用乳液聚合方法合成了一系列的互穿聚合物网络,其中包括:PMMA/PBA和P(MMA-co-PMA)/PBA乳胶互穿聚合物网络(LIPN),PMMA/PBA乳胶双向互穿聚合物网络(LBIPN)以及PMMA/PBA界面交联互穿聚合物网络(ICLIPN)。动态力学谱和拉伸试验结果表明:(1)PMMA/PBA互穿聚合物网络的两组分相容性和阻尼性能可通过MMA和PMA共聚来改善;(2)双向互穿技术是一种行之 相似文献