对比中的联想

中国的建筑界在取得了很大成就的同时,也蕴育着深刻的危机,这些危机的根源反映在建筑教育的固步自封与急功近利上;反映在设计思维的单一与僵化上;反映在结构体制的漏洞与缺陷上;不过最令人担忧的是不重视建筑师地位的社会环境。中国的建筑艺术要想缩小与世界先进国家的差距,并且真正达到令世人瞩目的水平,就必须认真正视这些问题,及早采取改革的措施。     

城市规划的先导作用--青浦的探索

文章讨论城市规划对城市发展建设的影响,从政府与市场的关系开始讨论,一直谈到规划的作用与政府角色,以上海市青浦区的实践为例,论述城市开发操作过程中的政府角色问题,得出政府与市场合作的创新理论与三种模式。     

钛合金内螺纹的电火花加工工艺研究

钛合金材料具有硬度高、强度大、导热系数小、弹性模量低的特点,采用机用丝锥进行钛合金内螺纹加工,经常导致丝锥损坏、螺纹成品率低,对应优化措施需要综合考虑因素多,不易掌握。尤其是小尺寸螺纹加工,难度更大。而电火花加工内螺纹技术成熟。通过M2规格钛合金内螺纹的电火花加工实例,确定了电极尺寸、放电参数和精度保证方式等工艺控制要点以及小尺寸钛合金螺纹电火花加工的工艺路径。试验表明:采用电火花加工钛合金内螺纹具有高效率、成本低、质量可靠的特点。     

A Male Sex Pheromone in a Scorpionfly

It has been postulated that males of a number of scorpionfly species produce sex pheromones. This is based on the observation that females often respond only to conspecific males when they evert their genital pouch, the proposed site of pheromone release. In this study, we prove that in Panorpa germanica (Mecoptera, Panorpidae), the eversion of a male’s genital pouch is associated with the release of a volatile sex pheromone. In dual choice situations, females showed a high preference for ‘calling’ (males with everted genital pouch) over noncalling individuals. Volatiles emitted by males and females were collected and identified by coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Two aldehydes [(2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dienal and (E)-non-2-enal] were characteristic of calling males but not of noncalling or immature males or females. Bioassays with synthetic compounds confirmed that the identified substances are attractive to females. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first identification of a sex pheromone in scorpionflies.     

运动中的轨迹——纽约建筑关键词

通过对几个关键词的诠释，本文描绘美国最都市化的城市——纽约在近来建筑活动中的轨迹。     

Recombinant Landscapes in the American City

How are urban actors, such as landscape designers, community groups, developers and local politicians, actively restructuring their environments to meet the challenges of the American city in the new global context? Grahame Shane outlines the approaches to landscape that have been emerging since the mid-20th century and are set to recombine urban assemblages whether they are located in historic city centres, postindustrial waterfronts or suburban sprawl. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tectonics and architectonic quality in recently published Finnish log architecture: Corresponding architects’ perceptions

Due to the global increase in wood construction, it is crucial for architects to understand wood. In Finland, log building, a special subset of industrially manufactured massive timber construction materials is experiencing a renaissance. Cultural aspects combined with newer technical developments make log a complex material from the viewpoint of architectonic expression. To inform practicing architects, the aim of this study is to explore how the tectonics of logs contribute to the architectonic quality of log architecture. Semi-structured interviews among architects of twelve recently published log buildings are conducted. The results describe how architectonic quality is perceived among participants, and features of logs related to tectonics that they consider to be of importance in terms of architectonic quality. These features include the statics of log construction and log's nature as a simultaneously insulating, load-bearing and visual material. Differences between industrial and hand-hewn logs, as well as other architectural aspects of using logs in contemporary architecture are discussed. Especially the “non-settling” log was perceived to have manifold implications for the architectonic possibilities of log architecture. The results are of practical importance to designing architects and the log industry. Theoretical implications include tangible information on architectonic quality and tectonics of log building.     

Contractors take command: from a demand-based towards a producer oriented model in German construction

The construction process in Germany is traditionally dominated by the client and its agent - the architect. This results in severe problems for the construction companies which do not enter into the process until all the important decisions have been made. In particular, the rate of utilization of their facilities is more or less fully dependent on other actors rather than themselves. Recently, the larger construction companies with nationwide and international activities have initiated changes to take over the construction process and assume the leading position within the project coalition. This has been achieved by integrating parts of the construction project that have been under the command of other actors. At the beginning of the process, this concerns part of the work traditionally performed by the architect on behalf of the client, at the other end it concerns the function of the client itself. So it is the producer who - inside a deep crisis which affects the whole of the industry over the last few years - takes command inside the construction process. This will result in restructuring the entire industry and will cause severe problems for other actors, in particular the small and medium construction companies degraded to subcontractors only. En Allemagne, le secteur de la construction a toujours ete domine par le client et son agent, l'architecte. Cette situation est a l'origine de serieux problemes pour les entreprises de construction qui n'entrent en jeu que lorsque toutes les decisions importantes ont ete prises. En particulier, l'utilisation de leurs capacites depend pratiquement entierement d'autres acteurs plutot que d'eux-memes. Recemment, les plus grandes entreprises de construction, actives tant sur le marche national qu'a l'etranger, se sont engagees dans des processus de transformation afin de prendre le controle des activites de construction et de jouer un role pilote au sein des projets de construction. Pour cela, ils ont du integrer des elements des projets de construction qui jusqu'ici etaient sous la coupe d'autres acteurs. En aval de ce procede, il s'agit de reprendre le controle sur les travaux executes d'habitude par l'architecte pour le compte de son client; en amont, c'est la fonction du client lui-meme qui se trouve modifee. En pleine crise qui affecte l'ensemble de l'industrie depuis ces dernieres annees, c'est donc le producteur qui prend le commandement du processus de construction. L'ensemble de l'industrie va donc se trouver restructuree, ce qui ne manquera pas de soulever des problemes pour d'autres acteurs, notamment les petites et moyennes entreprises de ce secteur qui se trouvent releguees au rang de sous-traitants.     

英国建筑师事务所对新人培养的启示

作者借鉴了英国和欧洲其他国家的经验,并针对国内的情况 ,提出了青年建筑师培养的三条建议。同时论述了研究和创新对于今天青年建筑师培养和建筑行业发展的重要性。     

流动的色彩--巴西著名设计师罗伯特·布雷·马克斯及其风景园林作品

20世纪中期,世界现代风景园林正经历分娩的阵痛,在南美国家巴西出现了一位让世界瞩目的设计大师,他用自己传奇的经历、独特的个性和不凡的艺术天赋带给世界园林景观新的元素、新的形式及新的艺术观,时至今日,他的影响仍波及世界的每个角落.