大历史视野下中国饮食走进西方世界的文化解读——英国作家J．A．G．罗伯茨《东食西渐》评析

英国作家J．A．G．罗伯茨先生的《东食西渐》一书,是从一个真正意义上的西方人的视角,运用丰富翔实的英文书籍资料,包括一些珍贵的历史图片撰写而成,而且这些资料在中国国内几乎是找不到的。他从一个生活在中国本土的中国学者无法做到的研究角度,对中国饮食文化自18世纪以来在西方的传播渗透与普及流行进行了深度的介绍与揭示。其深远的文化意义与历史贡献是不言而喻的。     

淮扬饮食文化景观谱系的构建及其旅游开发价值

淮扬饮食文化景观谱系的构建是深度挖掘整理淮扬菜文化基因,形成系统保护与传承体系的基础性工作.在对旅游景观谱系相关研究进行系统梳理的基础上,将饮食文化景观谱系的结构分为景观元、景观点和景观走廊三个层次,结合文献分析和专家意见,构建淮扬饮食文化景观谱系.淮扬饮食文化景观谱系对促进城市旅游资源的深度开发、促进旅游产品内涵拓展具有重要作用,对推进城市旅游转型和推广城市旅游形象等方面也具有重要的价值.     

Classification of non-alcoholic beer based on aftertaste sensory evaluation by chemometric tools

Sensory evaluation is the application of knowledge and skills derived from several different scientific and technical disciplines, physiology, chemistry, mathematics and statistics, human behavior, and knowledge about product preparation practices. This research was aimed to evaluate aftertaste sensory attributes of commercial non-alcoholic beer brands (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7) by several chemometric tools. These attributes were bitter, sour, sweet, fruity, liquorice, artificial, body, intensity and duration. The results showed that the data are in a good consistency. Therefore, the brands were statistically classified in several categories. Linear techniques as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were performed over the data that revealed all types of beer are well separated except a partial overlapping between zones corresponding to P4, P6 and P7. In this research, for the confirmation of the groups observed in PCA and in order to calculate the errors in calibration and in validation, PLS-DA technique was used. Based on the quantitative data of PLS-DA, the classification accuracy values were ranked within 49-86%. Moreover, it was found that the classification accuracy of LDA was much better than PCA. It shows that this trained sensory panel can discriminate among the samples except an overlapping between two types of beer. Also, two types of artificial networks were used: Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN) with Radial Basis Functions (RBF) and FeedForward Networks with Back Propagation (BP) learning method. The highest classification success rate (correct predicted number over total number of measurements) of about 97% was obtained for RBF followed by 94% for BP. The results obtained in this study could be used as a reference for electronic nose and electronic tongue in beer quality control.     

A real-time food safety management system for receiving operations in distribution centers

Food safety plan is being promoted in the food industry by the Hong Kong Government as a preliminary quality control tool. However, it appears to be a challenging task for Distribution Centers (DC) that handles food inventory since most of them are lack of knowledge and know how technology to manage information in a real time base. This paper proposes a Radio Frequency Identification based Food Operations Assignment System (RFID-FOAS) to help DC facilitates the food safety control activities in receiving areas by generating a proper safety plan. The system has adopted the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and the Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) technique to facilitate the inventory data-capturing process and assist in formulating decisions, respectively. The developed system aims to help reduce the difficulties in safety plan development using a knowledge-based expert system. The significance and contribution of RFID-FOAS in the context of managing the inventory quality in DC for safety plan development is demonstrated through the adoption of the system in a Hong Kong-based logistics company. The generated results show that the decision-making process of the safety plan development is facilitated. Moreover, the real-time data capturing nature of RFID technology has further improved the efficiency and timeframe requested for the actions. With the support of RFID-FOAS, the data capture system and the decision-making time is minimized. As a result, inventory quality and customer satisfaction level are significantly improved.     

Modelling of food transportation systems – a review

In 2002, over a million refrigerated road vehicles, 400,000 refrigerated containers and many thousands of other forms of refrigerated transport systems are used to distribute chilled and frozen foods throughout the world. All these transportation systems are expected to maintain the temperature of the food within close limits to ensure its optimum safety and high quality shelf life.Increasingly, modelling is being used to aid the design and optimisation of food refrigeration systems. Much of this effort has concentrated on the modelling of refrigeration processes that change the temperature of the food such as chilling, freezing and thawing. The purpose of a refrigerated transport system is to maintain the temperature of the food and appears to have attracted less attention from modellers. This paper reviews the work that has been carried out specifically on the modelling of food temperature, microbial growth and other parameters in the transportation of food.     

微生物对冰箱冷藏食品的影响研究

本文研究了微生物对冰箱冷藏食品的影响,研究表明,适冷菌在冰箱冷藏条件下可以生长繁殖,并引起食品腐败。在4℃冷藏条件下,新鲜生菜在冰箱冷藏室存放10天,在杀菌冰箱中生菜上的细菌总数由2.3×106cfu/g下降为4.6×104cfu/g,而在普通冰箱中,细菌总数由2.3×106cfu/g上升为为2.9×108cfu/g,普通冰箱食品上的细菌是杀菌冰箱食品上细菌的6304倍。研究表明,需要对冰箱冷藏食品进行微生物处理。     

Factors Affecting Hydrogen Production from Food Wastes by Clostridium-Rich Composts

This study used the technique of response surface approach to analyze the combined effects of heat-shocking temperature and time on anaerobic grass composts. Results indicate that the grass composts under heat-shocking temperature and time of 80°C and 3?h, respectively, could yield high populations of hydrogen-producing microorganisms. Metabolic results demonstrate that the composts are reliable, having considerable hydrogen-producing Clostridia. The multivariate analysis with response surface by considering specific hydrogen-producing potential and rate simultaneously indicate that the cultural media with Fe2+ = 132?mg/L; NH4+ = 537?mg/L; and PO43? = 1,331?mg/L were optimal for the hydrogen-producing Clostridia-rich composts using high-solids food wastes. The specific hydrogen production potential and rate were 77±3?mL?H2/gTVS and 520±20?mL?H2/g?TVS/day, respectively. The former was 38% of theoretical hydrogen-producing potential of Clostridium sp. using glucose. Of these factors, ammonium and phosphate are nutrients for the hydrogen-producing Clostridia growth while iron exerts a synergistic influence on them in the conversion of the food wastes into hydrogen.     

食品包装新理念

本世纪食品市场的竞争在很大程度上取决于包装质量的竞争.而食品包装理念也显现出新特色,食品包装要以多样化满足现代人不同层次的消费需求;无菌、方便、智能、个性化是食品包装发展的新时尚;拓展食品包装的功能、减轻包装废弃物对环境污染的绿色包装已成为新世纪食品包装的发展趋势.     

食品中甜蜜素的高效液相色谱法

本文建立了甜蜜素的高效液相色谱法,结果表明样品中甜蜜素含量为0-1.0 mg/g范围内,峰面积与甜蜜素含量呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9977,对0.1 mg/mL标准溶液连续测定7次,相对标准偏差为3.65%, 加标回收率为95.4%-102.2%之间,食品中共存的苯甲酸、山梨酸、安赛蜜等不影响测定,方法简捷、准确。用于实际样品测定,结果令人满意。     

肉类食品冷藏过程中的安全管理

本文介绍了随市场经济的建立,我国商业冷库面临的问题、生产方式及储藏业务的变化,就肉类食品在冷库储藏中如何保证其安全性,提出了建议和措施.