Adsorption of lead and copper on bentonite and grapeseed activated carbon in single- and binary-ion systems

In this study, bentonite originating from Turkey (Eski?ehir province) and activated carbon obtained from grapeseed were used as adsorbents for the removal of lead (Pb²⁺) and copper (Cu²⁺) ions from aqueous solutions. Experiments were performed in single- and binary-ion systems at constant temperature of 298 K and pH value of 5. In order to describe the adsorption mechanism Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used. The total adsorption capacity values of adsorbents were compared. It was observed that the total adsorption capacity values were changed depending on the type of adsorbent used, type of metal ion and interaction between metal ions.     

一种纳米复合材料用改性膨润土的制备及其性能研究

选用价格低廉的ε-己内酰胺对内蒙某膨润土矿样进行有机改性，采用正交试验法筛选出最佳的改性反应条件，得到一种可用来制备纳米复合材料的改性膨润土。然后，用该土与尼龙6进行原位聚合，经TEM测试，改性膨润土在尼龙6基体中发生解离，达到纳米级分散，同时尼龙6的力学性能和热稳定性得到大幅改善。这不仅拓宽了膨润土的应用领域，也达到了改性增强尼龙6的目的。     

Drug-Free Nasal Spray as a Barrier against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Delta Variant: In Vitro Study of Safety and Efficacy in Human Nasal Airway Epithelia

The nasal epithelium is a key portal for infection by respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and represents an important target for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. In the present study, we test the safety and efficacy of a newly developed nasal spray (AM-301, marketed as Bentrio) against infection by SARS-CoV-2 and its Delta variant on an in vitro 3D-model of the primary human nasal airway epithelium. Safety was assessed in assays for tight junction integrity, cytotoxicity and cilia beating frequency. Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated in pre-viral load and post-viral load application on airway epithelium. No toxic effects of AM-301 on the nasal epithelium were found. Prophylactic treatment with AM-301 significantly reduced viral titer vs. controls over 4 days, reaching a maximum reduction of 99% in case of infection from the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 variant and more than 83% in case of the Delta variant. When AM-301 administration was started 24 h after infection, viral titer was reduced by about 12-folds and 3-folds on Day 4. The results suggest that AM-301 is safe and significantly decelerates SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture inhibition assays of prophylaxis (pre-viral load application) and mitigation (post-viral load application). Its physical (non-pharmaceutical) mechanism of action, safety and efficacy warrant additional investigations both in vitro and in vivo for safety and efficacy against a broad spectrum of airborne viruses and allergens.     

高分子壳聚糖衍生物改性膨润土制备新型吸附剂

用一种阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物改性膨润土,制备一种新型有机膨润土吸附材料,考察了制备条件对吸附剂吸附性能的影响。通过正交实验获得影响阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物在膨润土上负载的主要因素,并进行了单因素实验,考察主要因素对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物的浓度、负载反应温度以及膨润土的活化温度是影响吸附剂吸附性能的主要因素。在以苯酚为目标吸附物时,当阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物的浓度为30g／L左右、膨润土的活化温度为240℃、负载反应温度为75℃时所制备的吸附剂的吸附性能最好,吸附剂的饱和吸附量可达到10．25mg／g（苯酚起始浓度为60ppm）,是未改性土的数十倍,可应用于低浓度含酚类废水的处理。     

有机膨润土对印楝素的缓释和稳定作用

采用有机膨润土做载体以延缓印楝素的释放,提高其在水中和光照下的稳定性。印楝素A(Aza-A)的水解和光降解过程可以用一级反应动力学描述,其半衰期分别为67.5、5.35h。有机膨润土能够降低印楝素A在水中的释放速率,且膨润土改性时有机阳离子用量越多,印楝素A释放越慢。有机膨润土做载体可以提高印楝素A在水中的稳定性,并可将其光降解半衰期延长到6.94h。     

合金元素对A7N01铝合金组织及性能的影响

采用正交试验法设计出八种不同成分的A7N01铝合金,加工后通过光学显微镜观察合金铸锭的金相显微形貌;经自然时效一月后,借助拉伸试验机、SEM观察及EDS分析对合金的强度和塑性进行研究;并采用正交分析法中的极差分析法、方差分析法分析合金的力学性能。结果表明,微量元素Mn、Cr、Zr、Ti可细化合金铸锭晶粒,其作用依次是:Mn、Cr联合作用大于Ti大于Zr;合金的强度受Zn、Mg、Cu元素含量影响较大;合金的拉伸断口是以韧窝为主的韧性断裂,且断口中存在杂质元素Fe和Si。     

阳离子聚合物复合膨润土对活性染料染色废液的脱色效果初探

用2种阳离子聚合物复合膨润土来对活性染料染色后的废液进行脱色,用分光光度法测定脱色率,研究了复合膨润土中阳离子聚合物的含量、活性染料废液的pH值、温度对脱色效果的影响。结果表明：GTA复合膨润土中GTA质量百分数为30％,DMA复合膨润土中DMA的质量百分数为40％时,对活性染料染色废液的脱色率最大;中性或者偏碱性的条件比较适合两种阳离子聚合物复合膨润土对活性染料废液的脱色;DMA复合膨润土在活性染料废液温度为40℃时脱色效果最好,而GTA复合膨润土在50℃时脱色效果最好。     

CPAM/膨润土微粒助留体系对苇浆的助留作用

采用动态留着实验方法考察了CPAM/膨润土微粒助留体系对苇浆的助留作用。研究了膨润土用量、CPAM用量、剪切速度和剪切时间对苇浆助留效果的影响,并与阳离子淀粉助留体系的助留效果进行了对比。研究表明CPAM/膨润土微粒助留体系对苇浆具有较好的助留作用。在膨润土用量为0.3%、CPAM用量为0.1%、剪切速度为1 400r/min、剪切时间为30s条件下,填料留着率达到69.3%。CPAM/膨润土微粒助留体系与阳离子淀粉助留体系相比,填料留着率提高了31.33%。     

膨润土在污水处理中的应用研究与展望

膨润土在污水处理中的应用研究已经受到人们的广泛关注。膨润土在造纸废水、有机废水和重金属废水处理的应用研究中取得良好的效果,其中用添加助剂的膨润土处理造纸废水,COD去除率可达近80%;用阴-阳离子表面活性剂改性的膨润土成功地应用于有机废水处理;对于含重金属离子的废水的处理,膨润土也有很大的应用空间。总之,膨润土作为一种环境矿物材料研究还处于起步阶段,可以预见,随着对膨润土及其深加工产品开发,它在污水处理领域的应用将越来越广泛。     

Effect of bentonite on the physical properties and drug‐release behavior of poly(AA‐co‐PEGMEA)/bentonite nanocomposite hydrogels for mucoadhesive

A series of nanocomposite hydrogels for mucoadhesive were prepared from acrylic acid, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, and intercalated bentonite clay by photopolymerization. The microstructures were identified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the swelling ratio for the present nanocomposite hydrogels decreased with an increase of bentonite, whereas the gel strength and Young's modulus of the present gels increased with an increase of bentonite. However, the adhesive force of the present gels did not decrease with an increase of bentonite. XRD results indicated that the exfoliation of bentonite was achieved in the xerogels and swollen gels. Finally, the drug‐release behaviors for these gels were also assessed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2934–2941, 2004