一种新型膨润土防水卷材的研制及其性能

以湖北某地的钙基膨润土为原料,经过人工改性处理,添加海藻酸钠作为粘结剂,并在多种化学药剂和工业用水的参与下充分搅拌均匀,在高温高压密闭的环境中充分反应,将反应后的物料通过真空挤出机制成致密薄片状产品,覆膜打卷最终制成新型膨润土防水卷材.对新型膨润土防水卷材的生产过程进行了叙述;并对其防水防渗性能进行测试,主要包括相同水利坡度下的渗透系数、耐静水压、模拟不同浸出液试验,新型膨润土防水卷材的应用领域可拓展到海水、油类和渗透液复杂情况下的防水防渗,而且其性能明显优于普通膨润土防水毯.     

Adsorption of lead and copper on bentonite and grapeseed activated carbon in single- and binary-ion systems

In this study, bentonite originating from Turkey (Eski?ehir province) and activated carbon obtained from grapeseed were used as adsorbents for the removal of lead (Pb²⁺) and copper (Cu²⁺) ions from aqueous solutions. Experiments were performed in single- and binary-ion systems at constant temperature of 298 K and pH value of 5. In order to describe the adsorption mechanism Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used. The total adsorption capacity values of adsorbents were compared. It was observed that the total adsorption capacity values were changed depending on the type of adsorbent used, type of metal ion and interaction between metal ions.     

热矫形温度对6N01铝合金接头组织与性能的影响

对6N01-T5铝合金焊接接头进行了不同温度的热矫形,研究了矫形温度对接头微观组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,250℃内加热时接头强度和焊缝区硬度有微量上升,HAZ和母材区硬度逐渐变大;高于250℃时强度和硬度开始下降,软化区范围加宽,分别向母材和淬火区方向延伸,高温下性能恶化严重;150℃~200℃加热时易发生弯断,且弯断角随温度升高而减小。室温时,接头母材区析出相为GP区和β″,硬度值较低,热影响区软化区晶内在只有粗大析出相;250℃加热时,母材区开始析出β′相,在β″和β'的析出转变期接头硬度与强度出现峰值,软化区因重新析出β'/β″相得到强化,拉伸断于焊缝;450℃加热时,接头处于严重过时效状态,无弥散析出相,硬度和强度降低。     

激光热源偏移对6mm A7N01铝合金激光-MIG复合焊焊接头的质量影响

针对铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接过程中的热源偏移问题,采用激光-MIG复合焊对6 mm厚A7N01P-T4铝合金进行焊接,给定热源对中偏移,并分析无对中偏移及有对中量偏移的焊接接头宏观成形、微观组织、力学性能,以此研究热源对中偏移对6 mm厚A7N01铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接接头的影响。研究结果表明,有热源对中偏移的试板接头内部存在少量的气孔缺陷,与无对中偏移试板相比,拉伸性能下降21 MPa。     

高庙子膨润土及其混合材料导热性能研究

导热性能是高放废物地质处置库缓冲/回填材料的重要性能之一。采用瞬变平面热源法,研究了我国高放废物地质处置首选缓冲/回填材料高庙子膨润土,及以其为主料,添加不同含量石英砂、北山花岗岩碎屑组成的混合材料的导热性能。分析了添加剂种类和含量、干密度、饱和度等因素对导热系数的影响。研究结果表明:高庙子膨润土及其混合材料的导热系数、热扩散系数都随干密度和含水量的增大而增大;石英砂、北山花岗岩碎屑能够不同程度提高膨润土的导热系数,石英砂的作用优于北山花岗岩碎屑;饱和度对添加剂发挥其提高缓冲/回填材料导热性能的作用影响明显,饱和度越高,添加剂的作用越显著。     

Coupled effects of saline solutions and temperature on the swelling deformation property of GMZ bentonite-sand mixtures

Based on the results of one-dimensional free swelling tests, the coupled effects of NaCl-Na₂SO₄ solutions and temperature on the swelling deformation property of compacted GMZ bentonite-sand mixtures were analyzed. The concentrations of the NaCl-Na₂SO₄ solutions were 0, 0.008, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 mol/L, the temperatures were 20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C and the sand contents were 0, 30 and 50%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were also performed to find the influences of the temperature, solution concentration and sand content on the mineral composition and microstructure. The results showed that the maximum swelling strain of the specimens increased with an elevated temperature, while it decreased with increases in the solution concentration and sand content. The swelling process was accelerated by the rising temperature. The XRD tests indicated that the combined effect of a high temperature and a high solution concentration may have caused more Na⁺ from the saline solutions to enter the interlayer, partly displacing the divalent cations. The MIP tests demonstrated that adding sand to the bentonite could reduce the amount of inter-granular pores and increase the intra-aggregate pores. These findings are advantageous to the transfer of heat and pour fluid in the specimens; and thus, the swelling deformation capacity of the bentonite-sand mixtures was higher than that of pure bentonite under the same conditions.     

膨润土/聚合物复合高吸水材料的研究进展

综述了膨润土／聚合物复合高吸水材料的主要合成工艺路线，并对合成技术进行了评述；同时也指出了这种材料性能今后的改进方向和研究发展的趋势。     

改性膨润土处理含汞废水研究

研究了改性膨润土在不同条件下处理含Hg2 废水的能力。结果表明 ,在温度为 2 5℃、pH值为 8～ 9、吸附时间为 60min的条件下 ,用 40 %的AlCl3溶液改性过的膨润土可将含Hg2 废水 (初始浓度为 1.46mg/L)处理到Hg2 剩余浓度为 0 .0 3 5 1mg/L ,达到国家规定的排放标准。     

用武钢程潮铁精矿生产氧化球团试验研究

以程潮磁铁精矿为原料，膨润土为粘结剂，制作了氧化球团矿。实验研究了铁精矿的造球性能以及氧化球团和的焙烧性能，冶金性能，实验结果表明，程潮铁精矿（-0.074mm颗粒大于71％）的适宜造球条件为：膨润土用量2．5％，水分含量8．5％－9．0％，造球时间30min以上。     

膨润土复合絮凝剂制备及造纸黑液治理

针对碱法麦草浆造纸黑液的特殊性质，介绍一种用钙基膨润土制备高效复合絮凝剂的方法．经试验研究．优选出了制备时的最佳工艺条件；产品经应用于此类黑液的处理絮凝．取得了较好的效果。