膨润土对铀的吸附研究

本文采用间歇法研究膨润土对铀的吸附性能,探讨了膨润土的用量、pH值、铀初始浓度、吸附时间等因素对膨润土吸附铀的影响。结果表明:膨润土对铀的吸附量随铀初始浓度的升高而增大,吸附比与吸附率却随铀初始浓度的升高而逐渐降低;溶液在接近中性时对的铀的吸附效果最好;当初始浓度一定时,吸附量随膨润土加入量的增加而减少,吸附率随膨润土加入量的增加而增加。     

交联改性膨润土处理Cr(Ⅵ)废水的研究

以膨润土为原料,制备了铁镍改性膨润土,研究了不同条件下铁镍改性膨润土对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,结果表明:在废水pH值为4,Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为22mg/L,铁镍改性膨润土用量为5g/L,吸附1h,温度为25℃条件下,铁镍改性膨润土对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到94%以上。     

改性膨润土吸附处理含氟废水实验研究

通过正交实验研究改性膨润土吸附处理模拟含氟废水。结果表明:改性膨润土用量为4g;吸附平衡时间30min;废水pH=4,出水含氟量由100mg/L降至1.9mg/L,去除率可达98.1%,达到国家含氟废水一级排放标准。该工艺具有处理效果好,操作简单等优点。     

信阳天然膨润土提纯试验研究

根据信阳膨润土的特性,采用湿法对其进行提纯。分别考察了六偏磷酸钠用量、液固比、沉降时间、搅拌时间对提纯效果的影响,并用吸蓝(MB)法和X-射线衍射对提纯效果进行检验。结果表明,信阳膨润土最佳提纯条件:分散剂用量0.125%、最佳液固比12、搅拌时间80min、沉降时间120min。膨润土的蒙脱石含量从61%提高到90%以上。     

裂隙充填膨润土湿胀变形防渗规律实验研究

为解决裂隙岩体防渗问题,联合采用高压固结仪和三轴渗透仪,进行不同含水率等条件下膨润土的膨胀和渗透实验,对膨润土的有荷膨胀特性和渗透特性进行分析研究,结果表明：膨润土的膨胀率随含水率变化符合逻辑斯蒂曲线关系,膨润土的吸湿膨胀表现为短程膨胀和长程膨胀两个阶段,短程阶段的膨胀变形幅度比长程阶段明显;当含水率相同时,初始干密度越大,膨胀变形量越大,膨胀力与干密度呈正指数关系;当初始干密度相同时,膨胀率随荷载增大而降低,且含水率越高降低幅度越大;膨润土的渗透率与含水率成负指数关系,且在较低含水率情况下渗透率随含水率的增大急剧下降至零,膨润土是裂隙岩体防渗的理想材料。     

铜铁双金属掺杂TiO2/膨润土光催化降解直接天蓝染料性能研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了Cu-Fe双金属掺杂TiO2/膨润土负载型复合光催化剂,以直接天蓝溶液为模拟染料废水,考察了光照条件、催化剂用量、溶液pH值、反应时间、催化剂再生等条件对催化剂光催化性能的影响.结果表明,该光催化剂对质量浓度为50 mg/L的直接天蓝溶液,在催化剂用量为3g/L、溶液pH值为3、光照时间为1.5h的反应条件下,在紫外光和可见光下的脱色率分别高达98.6％和97.3％,且该催化剂具有良好的再生性能,表现出较好的应用前景.     

平凉钙基膨润土干法钠化工艺研究

采用干法工艺,对甘肃平凉膨润土进行钠化改性,分别从不同钠化剂(碳酸钠、氯化钠、氢氧化钠)的选择和配比、钠化高混时间、自然放置时间等因素对钠化土性能的影响进行了研究.用FT IR和XRD对钠化土进行分析,结果表明,钠化土在不改变原土结构的同时发生了阳离子交换,层间距明显增大.     

PDMDAAC改性膨润土吸附处理含Cr(VI)废水的实验研究

采用高分子絮凝剂聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)对膨润土进行改性,通过试验研究改性膨润土处理模拟含Cr(VI)废水。实验结果表明:废水pH值=2,改性膨润土用量为40g/L;吸附平衡时间20min;反应温度25℃,Cr(VI)的去除率可达98%以上,处理后浓度低于国家一级排放标准。改性膨润土对Cr(VI)的吸附符合Langmuir模型。该方法具有处理效果好,操作简单等优点。     

Effects of feeding bentonite clay upon ochratoxin A–induced immunosuppression in broiler chicks

A presence of mycotoxins in feed is one of the most alarming issues in the poultry feed industry. Ochratoxins, produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium species, are important mycotoxin regarding the health status of poultry birds. Ochratoxins are further classified into to several subtypes (A, B, C, etc) depending on their chemical structures, but ochratoxin A (OTA) is considered the most important and toxic. Bentonite clay, belonging to phyllosilicates and formed from weathering of volcanic ashes, has adsorbent ability for several mycotoxins. The present study was designed to study the effects of bentonite clay upon OTA-induced immunosuppression in broiler chicks. For this, 480 day-old broiler chicks were procured from a local hatchery and then different combinations of OTA (0.15, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg) and bentonite clay (5, 10, and 20 g/kg) were incorporated into their feed. At 13, 30, and 42 days of age, parameters such as antibody responses to sheep red blood cells, in situ lymphoproliferative responses to mitogen (PHA-P), and in situ phagocytic activity (i.e., via carbon clearance) were determined respectively. The results indicated there was a significant reduction of total antibody and immunoglobulin titres, lymphoproliferative responses, and phagocytic potential in OTA-treated birds, suggesting clear immunosuppression by OTA in birds in a dose-dependent manner. These results were also significantly lower in all combination groups (OTA with bentonite clay), suggesting few to no effects of feeding bentonite clay upon OTA- induced alterations in different immune parameters.