Psychologists in industry in the United Kingdom and Western Germany.

Major sections are: Number of Industrial Psychologists, History, Universities and Industrial Psychology, Research Institutes, Present-Day Activities (United Kingdom: Vocational guidance, Personnel selection, Training, Methods study, Equipment design, Working conditions; Western Germany: Vocational guidance, Personnel selection, Skill training, Supervisory and management training, Accident prevention, Productivity). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

West Germany's efforts to close the nuclear fuel cycle: Strategies for radioactive waste management

West Germany's efforts to reach a mature nuclear economy by [closing] the [back end] of the nuclear fuel cycle are discussed with special emphasis on radioactive waste management strategies. the radioactive wastes that would be generated in a closed nuclear fuel cycle are described. A brief discussion is given of the motives that underlie the current international disagreement regarding the desirability of, and the need for, closing the nuclear fuel cycle. West Germany's concept for closing the nuclear fuel cycle is outlined including institutional arrangements and responsibilities. A discussion of radioactive waste classification follows. Expected volumes and inventories of radioactive wastes are pointed out. Current practices, and research and development work in the treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes are outlined. A final section is devoted to the history, circumstances and implications of the current requirement for a [solution] for the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle as a precondition for continued expansion of nuclear power in West Germany.     

中德经济合作前景

分析 在中国入世的大背景下中德经济合作的前景。论述了中国经济向世界开放会对中德互补性的经济合作创造新的潜力,及其面临的机遇和风险。     

德国高等教育体制与改革趋势

本文介绍了德国高等教育体制与我国教育体制的差异之处,并在广泛收集德国高效界改革思潮的基础上分析了其改革趋势。     

Analyzing German winery adoption of Web 2.0 and social media

The purpose of this research study was to analyze the adoption of Web 2.0 and social media by German wineries, as well as to determine the impact of winery size on the use of social media and response time to consumer emails. The methodology involved a content analysis of 208 German winery websites and a statistical analysis of how German wineries respond to customer email requests. Results show a relatively low adoption of Web 2.0 (27%) by German wineries with larger wineries adopting more components than smaller wineries, though smaller wineries responded more quickly to customer email requests for wine information. Implications suggest that there is more opportunity for German wineries to integrate social media in their wine marketing strategy.     

Water temperature as a hindrance,but not limiting factor for the survival of warm water invasive crayfish introduced in cold periods

The success of non-native species establishment depends on various abiotic and biotic factors that determine the outcome of an introduction event. Limiting temperature ranges have been studied for various non-native species; however, such previous assessments of species-specific temperature thresholds may be inadequate. Because several non-native crayfish species prefer warmer water temperatures, introductions were generally assumed to occur during preferable, warmer periods. However, despite the generality, traditionally considered ‘warm-water’ species are gradually appearing in new habitats, which were previously considered too cold for successful establishment. Newly discovered overwintering abilities of these species are likely related to the winter stratification in lentic ecosystems, which maintain tolerable conditions. To understand better the survivability of two such non-native species, red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii and marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis individuals were abruptly subjected to a thermic shock which lowered the water temperature from 20 °C (room temperature) to 6 °C, 4 °C and 2 °C, thus mimicking the release by pet owners during various phases of winter. The survival rate and foraging activity were monitored for up to 98 days. Procambarus clarkii showed a considerable higher survival rate at low temperatures (4 °C, 2 °C) compared to that of P. virginalis with neither sex nor size differences evident. Our findings reveal the ability of warm water invaders to withstand a shock during introduction at low temperature periods without acclimation. Considering these newly discovered shifts in physiological limitations, particularly for the red swamp crayfish, this may indicate a higher threat for areas with colder conditions.     

The Landscape Photobook in Germany: From Neue Sachlichkeit to Nazi Sachlichkeit

Photographic book production in Germany in the interwar period reveals immense inconsistencies and divergent trends. Predominant themes involve a shifting discourse between a pessimistic nostalgia for an apparently disappearing, slower pace of life and a more optimistic, technological utopianism, with dividing lines set between the old and the new, the urban and the rural, and between ‘progress’ and ‘tradition’. As the National Socialist era approached, however, there was a largely successful assimilation of these disparate, antagonistic elements of German culture in an attempt to create a sense of continuity rather than disruption. Collectively, photographic books provide a register of conflicting, contemporary concerns and anxieties. This article investigates how their variant discourses point to the complex realities of German interwar cultural politics.     

德国外国直接投资的商法环境探微

作为欧共体的创始国之一和欧洲货币联盟的主要成员,德国拥有自由开放的市场、持续稳定的经济、成熟健康的企业制度和一视同仁的投资激励政策,对外国直接投资形成巨大的吸引力。结合新的情况,厘清德国商法环境的调整变化已经成为对德直接投资的重要课题。     

Cooking under Fire: Managing Multilevel Tensions between Creativity and Innovation in Haute Cuisine

This inductive study of Michelin-starred restaurants in Britain and Germany examines how organizations attend to tensions between idea creation and implementation that characterize innovation processes. Based on the analysis of in-depth interviews with 40 chefs-de-cuisine, we identify tensions at two distinct levels of analysis. The first tension, situated at the individual level, occurs between the artistic identity of the chefs-de-cuisine and their work identity; the second one, at the organizational level, arises because creativity and implementation are equally important for the organizational success, thus making it impossible to disentangle chefs’ contribution from that of the kitchen brigade. Case evidence shows that effective tactics for managing these tensions simultaneously emphasize distinctions and create synergies between the contradictory elements of each tension. Moreover, our cross-national sample allows us to show how differences at the national institutional level affect the management of tensions and thus shed light on the mechanisms through which institutional environments affect innovation. These insights contribute to existing research in creativity and innovation.     

Dietary Acrylamide Exposure, Time Trends and the Intake of relevant Foods in Children and Adolescents between 1998 and 2004: Results of the DONALD Study

Up to now, no data are available which document possible time trends in acrylamide exposure. Therefore, 3 day dietary records (n = 3494) from 704 children and adolescents in 5 age groups between 1 to 18 years from the DONALD Study were evaluated to estimate the potential dietary intake of acrylamide by age and time between 1998 and 2004, hereby including the time when acrylamide was in the focus of public interest in 2002/2003. Statistical data of the intake of 7 food groups (g/MJ) relevant for acrylamide exposure were combined with available data for ranges of acrylamide concentrations in more than 1500 foods in Germany published in 2003. Scenarios were calculated assuming minimum, median and maximum acrylamide concentration in food groups. To analyse the influence of time (trend) on the outcome variables, mixed linear or non-linear models were used (PROC MIXED). Assuming median (minimum; maximum) acrylamide concentrations in foods and mean consumed food amounts, the calculated intake of acrylamide ranged from 0,19–0,45 (0,08–0,18; 0,91–2,04)μg/(kg_bw^*d) in the age-sex groups from 1 to <19 years. The highest intake was calculated for children aged 1–<7 years. The highest proportions of total intake of acrylamide came from bread (25%–47%), pastries (12%–39%), and potato products (3%– 31%) and additionally commercial infant food in young children aged 1–<4 years. Significant time trends were found concerning the total food intake and acrylamide exposure mainly in the form of a decline after 2001/2002 in some age-sex groups. Only few time trends for single food groups were found. Our estimated data are in the range of reports from the literature for adolescents and adults in Germany and other European countries, but do not confirm that children and adolescents will have higher exposures to acrylamide than adults. However, new analytical data are necessary to evaluate time trends for food consumption together with potential time trends for acrylamide content of food.

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Zusammenfassung (Redaktion). Bislang gab es noch keine Dokumentation über den zeitlichen Verlauf der Acrylamid-Exposition. Daher wurde im Rahmen der DONALD Studie ein Bericht über den Verzehr von Lebensmitteln w?hrend dreier Tage (n = 3494) von 704 Kindern und Jugendlichen in fünf Altersgruppen von 1 bis 18 Jahren eingeholt, um die potenzielle Aufnahme von Acrylamid in Abh?ngigkeit vom Lebensalter und im zeitlichen Verlauf zwischen den Jahren 1998 und 2004 absch?tzen zu k?nnen; damit wurde auch der Zeitraum von 2002 bis 2003 erfasst, wo dem Acrylamid in Lebensmitteln mehr ?ffentliches Interesse geschenkt wurde. Die statistischen Daten über den Verzehr von Lebensmitteln aus sieben verschiedenen Lebensmittel-Gruppen (g/MJ), welche für die Acrylamid-Exposition relevant waren, wurden in Relation gesetzt zu den verfügbaren Daten über die Grenzwerte von Acrylamidgehalten in mehr als 1500 verschiedenen Lebensmitteln in Deutschland. Szenarien wurden analysiert unter Verwendung des Minimal-, des Median- oder des Maximalwertes für die Acrylamid-Konzentration in den Lebensmittelgruppen. Zur Analyse der Zeitabh?ngigkeit der verschiedenen Variablen wurden verschiedene lineare oder nicht-lineare Modelle untersucht (PROC MIXED). Unter Voraussetzung des Median-Wertes (Minimum- oder Maximum-Wertes) der Acrylamid-Konzentration in den Lebensmitteln und ihrer verzehrten Menge kann mit einer aufgenommenen Acrylamid-Menge von 0,19–0,45 (0,08–0,18; 0,91–2,04) μg/(kg_bw^*d) in den Altergruppen zwischen 1 und 19 Jahren gerechnet werden. Die h?chste Aufnahme wurde für Kinder zwischen 1 und 7 Jahren berechnet. Der anteilig h?chste Eintrag an Acryl-amid erfolgte über Brot (25%–47%), Backwaren (12%–39%), und Kartoffelprodukte (3%–31%) und zus?tzlich über handelsübliche Babynahrung bei Kindern zwischen 1 und 4 Jahren. Ein signifikanter zeitlicher Zusammenhang zwischen dem Verzehr von Lebensmitteln und der Acrylamid-Exposition wurde haupts?chlich mit dem Sinken der Werte für einige Altersgruppen nach den Jahren 2001/2002 gefunden. Die Acrylamidaufnahme stimmt überein mit den Angaben anderer Berichte über Jugendliche und Erwachsene in Deutschland und anderen europ?ischen Staaten, sie best?tigen aber nicht, dass Kinder und Jugendliche einer h?heren Acrylamid-Exposition ausgesetzt sind als Erwachsene. Es sind jedoch weitere Analysen notwendig, um die zeitliche Entwicklung des Verzehrs von Lebensmitteln zusammen mit der zeitlichen Entwicklung der Acrylamid-Konzentration in Lebensmitteln bewerten zu k?nnen.

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