附加载荷作用下螺栓法兰连接的强度和紧密性分析

运用三维有限元方法模拟了垫片的非线性特性,分析了附加载荷对螺栓法兰连接结构的强度和紧密性的影响,确定了连接系统的紧密性、附加载荷和垫片残余压紧应力三者之间的关系。分析结果表明,附加弯矩对螺栓法兰连接结构的紧密性有较大影响。     

高能重离子辐照制备碳氮化合物材料研究

室温下,先用100-120 keV的N离子注入类金刚石薄膜和石墨中,注入剂量5×1017至5×1018 cm-2,再用高能Xe、U、C60离子分别辐照注氮后的样品,然后用显微FTIR和Raman、XRD/XPS等手段进行分析表征,研究了实验样品中由辐照引起的新化学键和新相的产生.实验结果显示,高能重离子辐照可在所有样品中产生大量的CN键,高N浓度和大密度能量沉积导致sp3/sp2键比率的增加以及形成α-和β-C3N4必需的N-sp3C键的量的增加.C60离子辐照在注氮石墨样品中引起了ta-C、N=sp2C和N-sp3C键的形成;而高能离子辐照在注氮类金刚石薄膜样品中产生了α-和β-C3N4晶态夹杂物,其尺寸在1.4-3.6 nm之间.     

Enhanced field emission from nano-graphite coated carbon nanotubes

An effective method by low energy carbonhydrogen ion treatment to enhance field emission of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is demonstrated. Comparing with control, field emission (FE) currents of the CNTs by carbonhydrogen ion irradiation increased, and the turn-on field and the threshold field decreased significantly. The structure characteristic revealed by transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that CNTs are coated by nano-graphite particles after being treated with low energy carbonhydrogen ion and that there are large quantities of defects and grain boundaries in the coated layer. It is considered that the coating layer can decrease the effective surface work function of CNTs and correspondingly increase field emission. In addition, the defects, the grain boundaries and the C-H dipoles forming in the process of the low energy ions irradiation can effectively enhance the field emission.     

Advantages and disadvantages of graphite addition on the characteristics of hot-pressed ZrB2–SiC composites

ZrB₂–SiC–graphite composites with 0–35 vol% graphite flakes were densified via hot-pressing route at the temperature of 1800 °C under the uniaxial pressure of 40 MPa for 1 h. Consolidation, mechanical properties, and microstructure of hot-pressed composites were investigated by variation of graphite content. By the addition of graphite, the relative density of composites increased, and at this hot pressing condition, fully densified composites were fabricated. The highest flexural strength of 366 MPa was measured for composite containing 7.5 vol% graphite, while the maximum Vickers hardness resulted in 2.5 vol% graphite doped one, and its value was equal to 20.8 GPa. Phase analysis of hot-pressed samples revealed the formation of the Zr₃C₂ and B₄C phases besides the main existing ZrB₂, SiC, and graphite phases. The newly carbide phases formed at the surface of ZrB₂ grains. The addition of graphite into the ZrB₂–SiC composites improved the sintering process and caused a fine-grained microstructure.     

Facile synthesis of carbon self-doped g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is an appealing metal-free photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution, but the potential has been limited by its poor visible-light absorption and unsatisfactory separation of photo-induced carriers. Herein, a facile one-pot strategy to fabricate carbon self-doped g-C₃N₄ composite through the calcination of dicyanamide and trace amounts of dimethylformamide is presented. The as-obtained carbon self-doped catalyst is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirming the substitution of carbon atoms in original sites of bridging nitrogen. We demonstrate that the as-prepared materials display remarkably improved visible-light absorption and optimized electronic structure under the premise of principally maintaining the tri-s-triazine based crystal framework and surface properties. Furthermore, the carbon doped g-C₃N₄ composite simultaneously weakens the transportation barrier of charge carriers, suppresses charge recombination and raises the separated efficiency of photoinduced holes and electrons on account of the extension of pi conjugated system. As a result, carbon self-doped g-C₃N₄ exhibits 4.3 times greater photocurrent density and 5.2 times higher hydrogen evolution rate compared with its bulk counterpart under visible light irradiation.     

Effects of graphite nano-flakes on thermal and microstructural properties of TiB2–SiC composites

In the last decades, the production of ultra-high temperature composites with improved thermo-mechanical properties has attracted much attention. This study focuses on the effect of graphite nano-flakes addition on the microstructure, densification, and thermal characteristics of TiB₂–25 vol% SiC composite. The samples were manufactured through spark plasma sintering process under the sintering conditions of 1800 °C/7 min/40 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated a homogenous dispersion of graphite flakes within the TiB₂–SiC composite causing a betterment in the densification process. The thermal diffusivity of the specimens was gained via the laser flash technique. The addition of graphite nano-flakes as a dopant in TiB₂–SiC did not change the thermal diffusivity. Consequently, the remarkable thermal conductivity of TiB₂–SiC remained intact. It seems that the finer grains and more interfaces obstruct the heat flow in TiB₂–SiC–graphite composites. Adding a small amount of graphite nano-flakes enhances the densification of the mentioned composite by preventing the grain growth.     

Effect of graphite particles as additive on the curing behaviour of β-tricalcium phosphate suspensions and scaffold fabrication by digital light processing

Reducing the viscosity of high solid-loading ceramic suspensions and controlling the resolution of ceramic green parts produced by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing are two important concerns in the ceramic additive manufacturing industry. The presence of ceramic particles within a photopolymerizable system leads to light scattering that reduces the resolution of the ceramic green scaffolds. This study introduced a graphite additive to solve these problems and focused on the effects of graphite concentration on the viscosity, curing behaviour and scaffold fabrication of β-TCP ceramic suspensions. As a result, it was found that an appropriate addition of graphite reduced the viscosity of the ceramic suspensions, and the light scattering decreased with the increase of graphite concentration. Both the cure depth (C_d) and excess width (C_ex) also decreased with the increase of graphite concentration. But, graphite has a larger effect on the width curing than depth curing.     

石墨粉末镀铜工艺及性能的研究

对石墨粉末的化学镀、电镀及复合镀等镀铜方法进行比较，优化出石墨粉末镀铜的最优方法，并在镀铜工艺上进行了研究，实验表明，通过采用改善石墨粉末分散性的活化剂及优化纯化剂，可提高镀铜层的厚度、连续性及镀层的耐蚀性。     

磨矿介质对钼精矿碳含量影响研究

分析研究了低铬合金铸球和复相球墨铸球中碳的赋存状态及其对普通钼精矿、57钼精矿和二硫化钼粉碳含量的影响,指出用浮选法生产低碳57钼精矿,一段磨矿介质不宜使用复相球墨铸球.     

青海省石墨矿地质特征及可利用性评价

青海省位于青藏高原东北部,青北属秦祁昆造山系,青南属三江造山系,成矿带青北属秦祁昆成矿域,青南属特提斯成矿域,石墨矿较为丰富。省内石墨矿床主要分布于青北秦祁昆成矿域柴达木周缘地区,该区元古代变质老地层分布较为普遍,成矿地质条件优越,发现了众多的区域变质型晶质石墨矿床（点）,找矿前景较好。对柴达木周缘地区成矿地质背景、石墨矿分布以及典型石墨矿床地质特征、成矿规律、成矿远景区、成矿地质条件、成矿时代、成矿温压条件、碳质来源、矿床成因、成矿模式进行了研究,并对区内石墨矿的可利用性进行了评价。研究表明：①柴达木周缘石墨矿的赋矿地层柴北缘主要为古元古代达肯大阪岩群,柴南缘主要为古元古代金水口岩群,富含有机质,碳同位素测定表明,碳质来源为地层沉积的有机质;②石墨矿沿元古代变质老地层及构造带分布,受岩浆活动影响,规模总体一般,但矿化规模较大,矿体规模一般,品位较高,矿石质量一般;③柴达木周缘主要可以划分为3个石墨成矿带、4个成矿亚带、6个成矿有利区段;④柴达木周缘晶质石墨矿的成矿阶段可以划分为沉积成岩阶段、区域变质作用阶段、构造-岩浆叠加改造作用阶段,具有区域变质+构造-岩浆改造的特征,成矿温压条件具备,成矿时代为加里东期,矿床成因属区域变质型石墨矿床;⑤大通沟南山、黄矿山北和巴勒木特尔等地区的晶质石墨矿床选矿回收率较高,有一批具有工业价值的区域变质型石墨矿床,可利用性良好。