Indoor Environmental Risk Factors for Respiratory Health in Children

Abstract The indoor environment of 80 houses in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia was assessed during six visits performed bi-monthly over a period of one year. Children between 7 and 14 years of age residing in the houses were included, resulting in 148 study children, 53 of whom were asthmatic. A respiratory health questionnaire was completed and skin prick tests performed. Significant risk factors for asthma were: exposure to a gas stove (OR=3.15, 95% CI 1.28-7.72), and indoor pets (OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.07-6.70). Exposure to airborne Aspergillus spores (+10 CFU/m³, OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.05-2.18) was a risk factor for atopy, while exposure to a gas stove (OR=2.32, 95% CI 1.04-5.18) was a risk factor for respiratory symptoms. In conclusion, exposure to gas stoves, fungal spores and pets in the home were identified as statistically significant risk factors for respiratory health in children.     

21世纪数字化住宅的概念性建构

21世纪住宅发展的重要趋势就是数字化技术的大量运用,简要介绍了在数字化住宅中可能实现和扩充的概念和技术。     

The Possible Role of Indoor Radon Reduction Systems in Back-Drafting Residential Combustion Appliances

Abstract A computational sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the conditions under which residential active soil depressurization (ASD) systems for indoor radon reduction might most likely exacerbate or create back-drafting of natural-draft combustion appliances. Parameters varied included: house size; normalized leakage area; exhaust rate of exhaust appliances other than the ASD system; and the amount of house air exhausted by the ASD system. Even with a reasonably conservative set of assumptions, it is predicted that ASD systems should not exacerbate or create back- drafting in most of the U.S. housing stock. Only at normalized leakage areas lower than 3 to 4 cm² (@ 4 Pa) per m² of floor area should ASD contribute to back-drafting, even in small houses at high ASD exhaust rates (compared to a mean of over 10 cm²/m² determined from data on over 12,000 U.S. houses). But on the other hand, even with a more forgiving set of assumptions, it is predicted that ASD systems could contribute to back-drafting in some fraction of the housing stock – houses tighter than about 1 to 2 cm²/m²– even in large houses at minimal ASD exhaust rates. It is not possible to use parameters such as house size or ASD system flow rate to estimate reliably the risk that an ASD system might contribute to back-drafting in a given house. Spillage/back-draft testing would be needed for essentially all installations.     

海南自贸港应急救援体系创新发展探讨

摘 要：海南自贸港面临自然灾害、城市化发展、产业升级带来的多重灾害事故风险挑战,因而始终把风险防范作为底线工程。为了更好地统筹发展与安全,海南十分注重应急救援能力建设。本文立足海南自贸港面临的灾害事故新风险和应急救援工作新挑战,借鉴国内外应急救援体系创新做法,提出了海南自贸港的应急救援体系新格局,为中国特色综合应急救援体系建设提供思路和借鉴。     

环境成就地标建筑——以重庆大剧院与悉尼歌剧院为例

通过对城市地标建筑的发展及其一般形态的概述,引出城市地标建筑无论是在视觉层面还是经济文化层面都离不开与其周边环境肌理的契合,与城市自然风貌以及人造工程环境共同交互影响。以重庆大剧院与悉尼歌剧院为例,通过对其体量的大小,基地、立面、外部轮廓的塑造及其色彩的选择与其周围环境关系的对比,挖掘出重庆大剧院纵然具有地处关键、体量高大、造型新颖等特点,却因没把握好同城市环境肌理的契合而失去地标效应。指出在设计城市地标建筑时,应因地制宜,充分结合当地自然环境及其地域文脉,才能成就其"地标性",推动地标经济效益。     

垂直玻璃宅

文章介绍了垂直玻璃宅的研究与理念、材料与建造以及它的设计过程,同时还讨论了玻璃宅的演变、透明性与空间、居住及建筑中的人等建筑问题。     

“This is for the Children,the Grandchildren …”: Houses of Moroccan Immigrants in Metropolitan Tel Aviv

The meaning of migrant housing materiality has not been adequately researched, especially when compared to the meaning of the home for immigrants, a matter of extensive discussion in the past two decades. This paper focuses on the meaning of housing materiality for 12 immigrants who migrated from Morocco to Israel some 60?years ago. Drawing on qualitative data gathered in 2007 and 2008, the paper develops a theoretical framework considering “house as community” and “house materiality” as two interrelating explanations for the migrant housing materiality. Through this framework, and with the concepts of performance and performativity, the paper first explores former houses of participants in Morocco and then presents current houses in Tel Aviv, Israel, to establish links between the two housing forms and reveal the meanings of objects in the homes. It is argued that as a reaction to the dominant Israeli society, housing materiality enables participants to educate successive generations and Israeli society at large about the rich cultural life of Moroccan-Jews that existed before their migration to Israel.     

多联产系统:综合解决我国能源领域五大问题的重要途径

在21世纪，我国的能源领域面临能源供应、液体燃料短缺、环境污染、温室气体排放和农村能源结构调整五大问题。以煤气化为核心的多联产系统是综合解决这五大问题的重要途径。     

西双版纳傣族民居屋面结构既有技术分析

西双版纳傣族竹楼屋顶,作为最能体现竹楼建筑特色的重要构件之一,与竹楼一同随着时代的进步、当地人民生活水平的提高以及汉族文化的深刻影响,在材料、形式、结构等方面发生了一系列的变化。该文对版纳地区傣族民居屋面结构既有技术现状进行了分析,在总结其各自优缺点的基础上,以可持续发展思想为指导,提出屋面采用新型竹结构的技术思路,试图为傣族民居的建造寻找到一种更为合理和适宜的屋面结构体系。     

客属围屋 唯我侨乡

在粤东梅州客家地区分布着大量的围屋式民居,明朝成化年间开基的南口镇的侨乡村,在1.5km2的范围内就分布着31座清末民初兴建的百年客家围屋,是围屋聚落最密集的乡村之一。同时这里建筑类型丰富,有民居、祠堂、学塾、庙宇等,民居建筑中又有围龙屋、杠横屋、华侨大屋、别墅洋楼等多种形式。其建筑布局和营造在节约土地、灾害防御、建筑功能和空间营造等方面均体现处独到的科学和艺术性,值得我们深入研究、借鉴和保护利用。