Baroque Exuberance: Frivolity or Disquiet

Robert Harbison defines the Baroque in the 17th and early 18th centuries, which is so often characterised in contrast with the Renaissance by its excess and drama. In doing so, he challenges the reader to consider whether this artful style of subversion, tension, movement, gravity-defying feats and freedom was really one of whimsical frivolity or subversive disquiet. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatial Computing for the New Organic

In the last few years, parametric design has predominated in architectural research and practice. Christian Derix and Åsmund Izaki of the Computational Design and Research (CDR) group at Aedas|R&D explain how the research and design unit, based at Aedas in London, has pursued an alternative course by shifting the focus to behavioural and perceptive occupant simulation of spatial configurations. A human-centric approach, it draws its inspiration from earlier British pioneers in spatial computation, as well as the designers of the Organic Architecture movement of the early 20th century.     

Charles Piazzi Smyth's 1865 Conquest of the Great Pyramid

Abstract

Most photo-historical accounts of the development of miniature cameras and artificial lighting cite Charles Piaim Smyth's pioneering photographic work at the Great Pyramid in 1865. This artlcle, based on the recent rediscovery of an album of his photographs and subsequent new information on his estate, is a more detailed examination of that work than has previously been possible.     

Measuring aerosol active surface area by direct ultraviolet photoionization and charge capture in continuous flow

Abstract

Direct ultraviolet photoionization electrically charges particles using a mechanism distinct from diffusion charging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate aerosol photoemission theory as a function of aerosol particle size, concentration, material, and morphology. Particles are classified using an aerodynamic aerosol classifier (AAC) and subsequently measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and photoionization measurement system in parallel. This configuration allows direct comparison of photo-emission from high concentrations of initially neutral, monodisperse aerosols with different morphologies or materials. Under all examined conditions, the overall photoelectric yields of particles of self-similar material (silver and unconditioned soot) and morphology (sintered spheres and agglomerates) are each linearly proportional to the second moment of the mobility-equivalent diameter distribution, even in the transition regime (mobility diameter 30–200?nm), with agglomerate silver particles resulting in 5× higher photoelectric yield than unconditioned soot from a propane flame. It is shown for the first time that the photoelectric yield is significantly higher (2.6×) for fractal-like agglomerate silver particles than sintered, close-packed spherical particles of the same material and mobility-equivalent diameter, which is inferred to be due to the larger material surface area exposed externally to the particle surroundings. It is demonstrated that photoelectric measurements of aerosols reflect the photoelectrically active surface area which depends on the particle morphology and therefore the state of sintering.

Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research     

徐州历史文化的典型特征及对后人的重大影响——简论汉代文化的基础与轴心(一)

徐州历史文化的典型特征 ,可视两汉文化为徐州历史文化的基础。刘邦作为中国历史上第一位农民皇帝 ,他所代表的汉代文化 ,又即刘邦文化 ,体现了两汉文化的基础与核心。他非凡的领导才能 ,卓越的政治才干 ,聚集人才的人格力量 ,构画出刘邦文化的特色是 :智谋韬略是日后发迹的起点 ,仁爱宽厚奠定民心社会基础 ,重用英才治理天下 ,利用矛盾化解矛盾 ,重视皇储教育     

Behavioural Complexity: Constructing Frameworks for Human-Machine Ecologies

Founded by Patrik Schumacher and Brett Steele in 1997, the Architectural Association Design Research Laboratory (AADRL) Master's programme,based at the AA in London, provides an important research base for Parametricism. The current Director of AADRL, Theodore Spyropoulos , continues to push the boundaries of advanced computing and machine intelligence. Here he describes the work that he has undertaken at the AA and through his practice Minimaforms into adaptive ecologies that employ responsive machine learning to enable spatial transformations.     

Hans Wallach (1904-1998).

Memorializes psychologist Hans Wallach. His contributions to the study of perception are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Radical Post-Modernism and Content: Charles Jencks and Rem Koolhaas Debate the Issue

The following debate took place on 28 December 2009 between Charles Jencks and Rem Koolhaas , and was transcribed and edited by Eva Branscome. Jencks and Koolhaas have exchanged ideas since the late 1960s. Jencks was the one to insist that Koolhaas come to the 1980 Venice Biennale, originally entitled ‘Post-Modernism’. (Paolo Portoghesi invited Jencks to collaborate with him on this first Biennale before it expanded into historicism.) In January 2002, Jencks was also a judge of the competition for the CCTV Building, the headquarters for China Central Television in Beijing, discussed below. Jencks and Koolhaas continue to thrive on their discussions and disagreements. Although they have very different commitments to the issue of ‘content’, their varying positions help to clarify what is meant here by ‘radical’. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterization and demonstration of a black carbon aerosol mimic for instrument evaluation

This study describes the characterization of a H₂O-dispersible, highly-absorbing carbonaceous nanomaterial that mimics the morphological and spectroscopic properties of aged black carbon aerosol (BC). When atomized from aqueous suspension, the material forms particles with a collapsed morphology resembling aged soot or BC. The material is >90 percent elemental carbon and has a mass absorption coefficient (MAC) and spectral dependence consistent with BC values published in the literature. The MAC at a wavelength of 532?nm decreased monotonically from 8.5 to 5.8?m² g^?1 for aerosol with mobility diameters between 150?nm to 500?nm. The single scatter albedo (SSA) at wavelengths of 405?nm and 660?nm was a function of both wavelength and mobility diameter and increased from 0.1 to 0.4 with mobility diameters between 150?nm to 400?nm. The Ångström absorption exponent (AAE) between λ?=?405?nm and 780?nm decreased monotonically from 1.4 to 0.6 for aerosol with mobility diameters between 150?nm to 400?nm. We demonstrate that this material can be used for fast, efficient calibration of aerosol photoacoustic spectrometers and for evaluation of spectroscopic-based measurements of aerosol mass concentration using in-situ photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and filter-based light attenuation measurements for up 50?µg m^?3, enabling inter-method and inter-laboratory instrument comparison.

Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research     

Writing Brains: Tracing the Psyche With the Graphical Method.

At the end of the 19th century, the graphic method kindled attempts to use it for investigating psychic processes. In Germany, Hans Berger took up this line of research, later to become the pioneer of electroencephalography (EEG). The trajectory of Berger's work is analyzed as an "enabling constraint," guiding him toward the EEG at a time when nobody else was pursuing this line of research and also causing serious methodological problems. In the epistemological perspective of this analysis, many of his problems extend beyond the local context of his work and point toward ambiguities surrounding the project to trace the psyche with the graphic method. From the mid-1930s, the EEG inspired ongoing attempts to decipher the specific meaning of these recordings, and large ensembles of machinery were mobilized, molding concepts of the psyche according to the results and the specifications of the graphic method. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)