多组合找漏找窜测井技术在河南油田的应用

针对河南油田开发后期出现的套管漏失、管外窜槽等影响水井有效注水或油井正常生产的井下技术状况复杂问题,在分析单一油水井找漏找窜技术缺陷的基础上,提出了采用提取地层和井况信息多、测量范围大、精度高、工艺环保的井温、流量、示踪剂和氧活化水流等多组合找漏找窜测井技术。实际应用表明,该测井技术可准确评价判断油水井套管漏失或管外窜槽情况,为不正常注水井、采油井有效治理提供了科学依据,并在河南油田稀油油藏中被广泛应用,取得了较好的效果。     

河北省平原湿地减少原因分析

分析河北省平原湖泊和河流两类湿地现状及演变特点,探讨水资源匮乏的北方地区湿地保护的目标及修复措施。由于工农业用水量增大、流域下垫面发生重大变化、上游建设大量水利工程等原因,河北省平原湿地面积锐减,与20世纪50年代相比减少了97.6%;仅有的3处湖泊湿地也面临水源枯竭、生态环境退化的困境。为保证湿地的水源供给,急需制定河北省平原湿地的保护规划并进行流域间生态应急补水。     

平原河网地区开发建设项目水土流失防治措施——以嘉兴市为例

平原河网地区地势低洼、平坦,河流纵横交错,水流平缓,水土流失及其治理长期不被重视。该地区往往经济发达,人地矛盾突出,各类开发建设项目占地频繁,必须加强水土保持工作的重视。从嘉兴平原河网地区的自然环境条件出发,分析总结了该地区典型类型开发建设项目水土流失防治措施的技术要点,为今后水土保持工作提供科学借鉴。     

2009年河南省仓储小麦品质状况分析

通过对仓库存储的2009年新收获的27份小麦样品进行检测,分析其籽粒品质及面团流变学特性,并与2008年收获的仓库小麦进行比较。结果表明,2009年仓储小麦中,有96.3%的小麦样品容重在750 g/L以上,33.3%的小麦样品籽粒粗蛋白质含量在14.0%以上,51.9%的小麦样品稳定时间在7.0 min以上,63.0%小麦样品的降落数值在300 s以上,达到优质小麦——强筋小麦品质标准的规定。2009年仓储小麦的面团流变学特性好于2008年,容重、湿面筋含量、降落数值等指标显著低于2008年。     

2010年河南省大田小麦品质状况研究

通过对2010年收获的81份小麦样品进行检测,结果表明,小麦容重平均为（793.6±17.21）g/L,籽粒蛋白质平均含量为（15.06±0.83）%,湿面筋含量为（31.78±2.33）%,面筋指数为（255.4±105.26）%,降落数值为（255.4±105.26）s,面团稳定时间为（6.52±5.82）min,拉伸面积为（74.3±32.56）cm2。其中,91.35%的小麦样品籽粒蛋白质含量在14.0%以上,50.62%小麦样品湿面筋含量在32.0%以上,20.99%小麦样品的面团稳定时间在7.0 min以上,44.44%的小麦样品降落数值在300 s以上,达到优质小麦-强筋小麦品质标准（GB/T 17892—1999）的规定。     

国产CCF300碳纤维单向织物液体成型工艺性及其复合材料力学性能

选取国产碳纤维CCF300所制备的2种单向织物,单向无纬织物U3160及单向无屈曲织物KUC160,分别对其预成型体进行压缩特性和渗透特性测试,以研究2种单向织物的液体成型工艺性,并采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备2种单向织物/双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料,测试并对比其面内力学性能。结果表明:预成型体压缩试验中,嵌套效应受压力及织物层数影响较大,压力越高、层数越多,嵌套效应越显著。U3160织物的嵌套效应较KUC160织物更为明显,在较高压力下,KUC160织物预成型体的纤维体积分数较U3160织物的下降了约20%。渗透率测试结果表明:相比U3160织物,KUC160织物0°方向的渗透率较高,而90°方向的渗透率有所降低;这是由于经编线的绑缚作用能促进0°方向的宏观流动,而阻碍90°方向的微观渗透。此外,KUC160织物的经编线与U3160织物的纬向纱线的导流作用也对渗透率有影响。力学性能试验结果表明:相比U3160织物增强复合材料,KUC160织物增强复合材料0°方向的拉伸、弯曲和压缩性能均有所下降,拉伸强度和弯曲模量降幅最大,分别约为11%和21%;而层间剪切强度有小幅提高,增幅约为8%。      

航空自润滑关节轴承寿命试验机的构型

依据关节轴承摆动及磨损形式,建立了关节轴承运动特征矩阵。根据关节轴承运动形式和承载特点,引出了关节轴承寿命试验机49种理论构型;同时将现有寿命试验机归纳为4种构型,并对每种构型典型的寿命试验机进行了分析。最后根据实际工况条件,提出两种有使用价值的寿命试验机构型,并对这两种寿命试验机进行了方案设计。     

基于芳纶平纹织物微观几何结构的纱线抽拔力学性能分析

为研究芳纶平纹织物纱线抽拔力学性能及各参数的影响规律,建立纱线抽拔数学模型,为后续数值模型提供理论基础.采用数字单元法模拟芳纶平纹织物织造过程,获得其微观几何模型,并计算得出纱线轮廓.在此基础上,使用ABAQUS模拟单纱抽拔过程,建立纱线厚度方向单层网格划分准则和纱线材料属性,获得横向预紧力、纱线间摩擦因数对纱线抽拔力...     

Effects of human activities and urbanization on groundwater environments: an example from the aquifer system of Tokyo and the surrounding area

The Kanto plain that is the largest depositional plain in Japan has the largest urbanized area called Tokyo Metropolitan Area. This plain has experienced extensive groundwater withdrawals for water resources and human induced disasters such as land subsidence in the process of urbanization. Japanese national government and local governments have monitored groundwater levels and settlement of ground surface for about half a century. These data are useful not only for the prevention of these disasters but for the evaluation of the change of groundwater flow beneath the urbanized area. However, few hydrological and hydrogeological studies about the change of groundwater flow in this plain have been conducted until now except for several studies which were limited in areal extent. In this paper, changes of the distribution of hydraulic heads in the central part of this plain are discussed using the long-term groundwater level observation data to evaluate the change of groundwater flow. The temporal changes in the distribution of hydraulic heads in a major confined aquifer (the second aquifer) and the areal extent of the urbanized area for approximately 50 years can be summarized as follows. In the latter half of the 1950s, urban area was limited in the southern region of the study area and hydraulic head gradually declined from the northwest to the southeast in the study area. After the 1960s, urban area extended toward the north and groundwater in the northern part was largely abstracted until the 1980s. As a result, hydraulic heads in this area markedly declined. On the other hand, hydraulic heads in the southern part began to rise because of the restriction of groundwater withdrawals. In recent years, low hydraulic head area has been formed from the northern region to the central region. These results suggest that the groundwater flow which was affected by urbanization (groundwater withdrawals) has continued to change over several decades, even after the regulation of withdrawals, and hence, the continued monitoring of the groundwater environment is important for the sustainable use of groundwater resources.     

上海泻湖沼泽平原地区工程勘察的几点认识

本文结合工程实践,简要介绍了泻湖沼泽平原地区浅部土层的物理力学特性及该地区利用静力触探试验资料确定单桩竖向承载力的估算方法,并对在该地区进行岩土工程勘察过程中可能遇到的有关工程地质问题作出合理建议。