历史文化村镇文化空间保护研究

"文化空间"保护代表了国际非物质文化遗产保护的新思路,文化空间是非物质文化遗产和物质文化遗产间最直接的纽带。该文把"文化空间"保护的思路引入历史文化村镇保护中,分类归纳历史文化村镇中的"文化空间",使历史文化村镇中的"文化空间"更清晰,促进历史文化村镇非物质文化遗产和物质文化遗产的研究与保护工作。     

从北洋水师大沽船坞保护到天津滨海新区总体规划

北洋水师大沽船坞100年前曾经在直隶创造了中国近代工业的先驱性业绩,如今对这个遗址的保护集中反映了现阶段中国对工业遗产的认识和保护情况。此外,在塘沽海河沿岸还分布着28个不同等级的文物,如何从滨海新区总体规划的角度考虑文化遗产群是值得深思的问题。文章首先记录了大沽船坞的保护过程,分析保护第一线的若干特征;其次,将文物调查数据和中心商务区进行比较,指出文物所在地和中心商务区高度重合的问题;第三,分析以往塘沽总体规划的历程和滨海新区文化定位的重要性。文章的结论是,在世界创意城市的背景下,不仅应该考虑城市的经济定位,更应该从建设之初就考虑其文化定位。     

时光机器：对话卡斯·卡恩教授

"致密化"是现代城市发展不可回避的趋势。城市新插件与历史环境交融并置将是下一个时代浪潮的重要特征,这将进一步引发关于历史价值与当代性的讨论和思辨。荷兰作为高密度国家典型代表,近十年在建成环境的适应性转型中表现突出。文章通过与荷兰卡恩建筑事务所主持建筑师卡斯·卡恩教授的访谈,深度辨析荷兰建筑师面向复杂历史环境的立场与方法。对话重点聚焦于改造策略、遗产价值与实践经验,以期获得设计介入保护与更新议题的可描摹的研究线索。     

Revising Articles Written on the Land—Commencement Speech at 2022 Graduation Ceremony of the College of Architecture and Landscape,Peking University

This article is the author’s commencement speech at 2022 Graduation Ceremony of the College of Architecture and Landscape, Peking University. Away from the cities, the author observed, experienced, and recorded the changes in vernacular landscapes: pesticide abuse and cutoff and channelized rivers have resulted in soil hardened, loaches, eels, frogs, and other creatures disappeared, and rivers and water sources seriously polluted; while demolishing the vernacular cultural heritage of the ancient town, the reconstructed one is built with a large number of ornamental, ancient-looking structures, and stereotyped symbols, mirroring the shallow understanding of aesthetic, historical, and cultural identities. Metaphorically, the author is so ashamed of these „articles written on the land” and encourages the graduates to revise them in the future with their knowledge of ecology and aesthetics.     

石油与天然气运移研究综述

石油与天然气都是流体矿产,在岩石中的运移主要是一种地球物理作用。油气运移研究的主要问题是动力学和运动学机制,也就是运移的动力、相态、通道和数量。初次运移的动力主要是异常高压,二次运移的动力主要是浮力和流体势差。石油运移的相态主要是油相,天然气可以是水溶相、油溶相、气相和扩散相。石油以油相运移、天然气以气相运移最为有效,无需相态转变就能直接成藏。初次运移的通道主要是微裂隙。并不是所有可渗透岩石都是二次运移通道,有效运移通道和主流向是二次运移的特征。断层在活动时具通道性,活动期后的封闭与成岩作用有关,长期活动的断层是油气运移的通道。油气运移动力的积蓄与释放和通道的开启与封闭交替出现,决定了排烃和二次运移都是幕式的,从而决定了充注圈闭和成藏的幕式性,这已得到油藏地球化学研究的证实。油气幕式运移与地流体的幕式流动都与地壳的幕式构造活动相辅相成、互为因果。油气运移是发生在地质历史过程中的事件,因此其研究方法应当是动态分析和综合研究。目前油气运移研究仍存在很多理论和方法上的问题,加强基础理论的研究、总结各类盆地的运聚规律、提高计算机模拟和实验室模拟的水平,是今后油气运移研究的当务之急     

Impact of whole-building hygrothermal modelling on the assessment of indoor climate in a library building

This paper focuses on the importance of accurately modelling the hygrothermal interaction between the building and its hygroscopic content for the assessment of the indoor climate. Libraries contain a large amount of stored books which require a stable relative humidity to guarantee their preservation. On the other hand, visitors and staff must be comfortable with the indoor climate.     

Some Ozone Applications in Seafood

The use of ozonized seawater to reduce and eliminate bacterial pathogens in mariculture facilities and to extend shelf life of marine food products is demonstrated. Consequent benefits of this treatment are also discussed. Laboratory and pilot experiments were conducted using ozone gas to reduce disease-producing Vibrio sp. bacteria at a shrimp (Litopenaeus vannameii) hatchery in Ecuador, South America. Pacific Ocean seawater was treated in a 1,540 L capacity fiberglass contact tower (5–7 min retention) with an ozone oxidant residual of 0.07 mg/L. Prior to ozone treatment, Vibrio determined by TCBS plating was too numerous to count, causing shrimp to die of disease (30 tanks of 13,000 L each). After treatment, Vibrio counts and shrimp disease were eliminated, ozonized seawater decreased the time required for normal molting of shrimp and the total growth cycle was reduced by three days versus control water. From June 1991 until September 1992, survival rates of larval shrimp were robust, routine antibiotic addition was reduced, and one additional growth cycle was realized. Ozonized ice (fresh water) was prepared in the Milford Laboratory CT, USA; Gloucester Food Tech Lab, MA, USA; and a field station (brine water) for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Homer, AK. USA. In these studies, squid (Loligo pealei) and commercially captured salmon demonstrated a reduction in spoilage and extension of shelf life of 3 to 5 days' time using ozonized ice. Bacteria associated with commercial ice-producing machines were reduced by 4 logs using ozone treatment. In addition, no flavor aberration was noted using ozonized ice.     

Digital sculpting for historical representation: Neville tomb case study

Despite digital 3-D polygon modelling applications providing a common and powerful tool-set for archaeological, architectural and historical visualisation over recent years, the relatively recent developments in high-resolution sculpting software allow for the possibility to create digital outcomes with a degree of surface fidelity not previously obtainable from the more widely used poly-modelling software packages. Such digital sculpting applications are more commonly applied within the video games and TV/motion picture industries, the intention of this paper is to show how such tools and methodologies together with existing scanned data and some historical knowledge can remediate and re-imagine lost sculptural form. The intended research will focus on an examination and partial re-construction of the tomb of Sir John Neville, 3rd Baron Raby located at Durham Cathedral, County Durham UK.     

PANIC: an integrated approach to the preservation of composite digital objects using Semantic Web services

To date, long-term preservation approaches have comprised of emulation, migration, normalization, and metadata – or some combination of these. Most existing work has focussed on applying these approaches to digital objects of a singular media type: text, HTML, images, video or audio. In this paper, we consider the preservation of composite, mixed-media digital objects, a rapidly growing class of resources. We describe an integrated, flexible system that we have developed, which leverages existing tools and services and assists organizations to dynamically discover the optimum preservation strategy as it is required. The system captures and periodically compares preservation metadata with software and format registries to determine those objects (or sub-objects) at risk. By making preservation software modules available as Web services and describing them semantically using a machine-processable ontology (OWL-S), the most appropriate preservation service(s) for each object (or sub-object) can then be dynamically discovered, composed and invoked by software agents (with optional human input at critical decision-making steps). The PANIC system successfully illustrates how the growing array of available preservation tools and services can be integrated to provide a sustainable, collaborative solution to the long-term preservation of large-scale collections of complex digital objects.     

松辽盆地岩性圈闭形成机理及识别方法

改变了把地层划分为储层和封盖层识别岩性圈闭分布的传统方法,将其划分为储集层、非储输导层和封堵层３种不同性质地层,３种地层的空间展布决定了岩性圈闭的构成与分布。而岩性圈闭的可靠性决定于封堵层界面和储集层界面的匹配关系。在总结多年来松辽盆地岩性圈闭（带）各种识别方法的基础上,根据岩性圈闭构成新理论,提出了岩性圈闭的双界面识别法。