PC作为S7—200PLC系统人机界面的一种应用实例

在西门子S7—200PLC系统中,通常所配置的人机界面大多采用西门子专用的TP170、TP27、OP37等系列触摸屏。一旦这些触摸屏发生故障和损坏,难以采购和维修,且备件成本较高。本案例采用当今流行的通用PC机来代替TP27和OP37等专用HMI设备,并实现了PC机与S7—200PLC之间的数据通信,为PLC系统触摸屏的通用化改造提供了一个应用实例。     

Estimating body shape of dressed humans

The paper presents a method to estimate the detailed 3D body shape of a person even if heavy or loose clothing is worn. The approach is based on a space of human shapes, learned from a large database of registered body scans. Together with this database we use as input a 3D scan or model of the person wearing clothes and apply a fitting method, based on ICP (iterated closest point) registration and Laplacian mesh deformation. The statistical model of human body shapes enforces that the model stays within the space of human shapes. The method therefore allows us to compute the most likely shape and pose of the subject, even if it is heavily occluded or body parts are not visible. Several experiments demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of our approach to recover occluded or missing body parts from 3D laser scans.     

A Visualization Based Approach for Digital Signature Authentication

We propose a visualization based approach for digital signature authentication. Using our method, the speed and pressure aspects of a digital signature process can be clearly and intuitively conveyed to the user for digital signature authentication. Our design takes into account both the expressiveness and aesthetics of the derived visual patterns. With the visual aid provided by our method, digital signatures can be authenticated with better accuracy than using existing methods—even novices can examine the authenticity of a digital signature in most situations using our method. To validate the effectiveness of our method, we conducted a comprehensive user study which confirms positively the advantages of our approach. Our method can be employed as a new security enhancement measure for a range of business and legal applications in reality which involve digital signature authorization and authentication.     

Instructional animations can be superior to statics when learning human motor skills

Based on the assumption of a working memory processor devoted to human movement, cognitive load theory is used to explore some conditions under which animated instructions are hypothesised to be more effective for learning than equivalent static graphics. Using paper-folding tasks dealing with human movement, results from three experiments confirmed our hypothesis, indicating a superiority of animation over static graphics. These results are discussed in terms of a working memory processor that may be facilitated by our mirror-neuron system and may explain why animated instructional animations are superior to static graphics for cognitively based tasks that involve human movement.     

投影深度向量分解融合PEMS的视角不变人体动作识别

针对摄像机内部参数的不确定性和投影平面选择难的问题,提出一种新的投影深度算法用于视角不变的动作识别,该算法采用对称镜面提取平面(PEMS)策略,有效解决了投影平面选择难的问题。首先通过摄像机组观察获得3D动作姿势,然后运用PEMS策略从场景中提取平面,相对于提取平面估计身体点的投影深度,最后使用这个信息进行动作识别。该算法的核心是投影平面的提取和投影深度组成向量的求解。利用本文算法在CMU MoCap数据集、TUM数据集和多视图IXMAS数据集上进行测试,精度可分别高达94%、91%和90%,且在较少动作实例情况下,仍然能够准确定义新动作。比较表明,本文算法的人体动作识别性能明显优于其他几种较新的算法。     

微博用户的时间行为研究

人类日常行为活动在生活的各个方面普遍存在。个体行为活动类型多样且个体之间行为差异明显,人类行为显示出高度复杂性。利用微博用户发布微博所产生的时间数据来研究用户的时间行为模式,研究发现个体用户时间间隔的统计特征主要服从幂律、指数和双模3种分布函数;并提出了基于任务队列的个体用户行为动力学模型,解释了用户发布微博的时间间隔分布特征。     

Predictive capability of cognitive ability and cognitive style for spaceflight emergency operation performance

This study explores the effects of cognitive ability (information seeking, inference, spatial recognition, attention span, and attention allocation) and cognitive style (active-reflective, sensing-intuitive, visual-verbal, and sequential-global) on task performance of simulated spaceflight emergency operations that require judgment and operation on a Chinese spaceflight instrument board and the possible interaction effect with training experience. The performance criteria included task completion time and number of human errors. It was found that inference ability, spatial recognition ability, and attention span had significant effects on task completion time, while attention allocation ability had significant effect on the number of error. The participants with a sequential cognitive style made significantly fewer errors than those with a global cognitive style. Training experience significantly decreased task completion time. The participants with sequential cognitive style learnt faster than those with global cognitive style in the spaceflight instrument operations. With increasing training experience, the predictive capability of cognitive ability on performance decreased, whereas the predictive capability of the sequential-global cognitive style on performance increased.     

A framework to design a human-centred adaptive manufacturing system for aging workers

The so-called smart manufacturing systems (SMS) combine smart manufacturing technologies, cyber-physical infrastructures, and data control to realize predictive and adaptive behaviours. In this context, industrial research focused mainly on improving the manufacturing system performance, almost neglecting human factors (HF) and their relation to the production systems. However, in order to create an effective smart factory context, human performance should be included to drive smart system adaptation in efficient and effective way, also by exploiting the linkages between tangible and intangible entities offered by Industry 4.0. Furthermore, modern companies are facing another interesting trend: aging workers. The age of workers is generally growing up and, consequently, the percentage of working 45–64 years old population with different needs, capabilities, and reactions, is increasing. This research focuses on the design of human-centred adaptive manufacturing systems (AMS) for the modern companies, where aging workers are more and more common. In particular, it defines a methodology to design AMS able to adapt to the aging workers’ needs considering their reduced workability, due to both physical and cognitive functional decrease, with the final aim to improve the human-machine interaction and the workers’ wellbeing. The paper finally presents an industrial case study focusing on the woodworking sector, where an existing machine has been re-designed to define a new human-centred AMS. The new machine has been engineered and prototyped by adopting cyber-physical systems (CPS) and pervasive technologies to smartly adapt the machine behaviour to the working conditions and the specific workers’ skills, tasks, and cognitive-physical abilities, with the final aim to support aging workers. The achieved benefits were expressed in terms of system usability, focusing on human-interaction quality.     

A survey of energy-efficient context recognition systems using wearable sensors for healthcare applications

Human context recognition (HCR) from on-body sensor networks is an important and challenging task for many healthcare applications because it offers continuous monitoring capability of both personal and environmental parameters. However, these systems still face a major energy issue that prevent their wide adoption. Indeed, in healthcare applications, sensors are used to capture data during daily life or extended stays in hospital. Thus, continuous sampling and communication tasks quickly deplete sensors’ battery reserves, and frequent battery replacement is not convenient. Therefore, there is a need to develop energy-efficient solutions for long-term monitoring applications in order to foster the acceptance of these technologies by the patients. In this paper, we survey existing energy-efficient approaches designed for HCR based on wearable sensor networks. We propose a new classification of the energy-efficient mechanisms for health-related human context recognition applications and we review the related works in detail. Moreover, we provide a qualitative comparison of these solutions in terms of energy-consumption, recognition accuracy and latency. Finally, we discuss open research issue and give directions for future works.     

空中交通管制中的人为差错探讨

近年来,航空事故发生频繁,纵观历年的事故,人为因素导致的航空事故呈现一个上升而主要的态势,做好对于空中交通管制的人为差错问题研究,降低人员因素带来的安全事故成为本文探讨的重点,以更好的方式来提高人员综合性能力,确保空中交通管制的安全。