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101.
提高大直径井眼机械钻速的几项措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着我国西部地区石油勘探开发的进展,5000-7000m的深探井所钻数量不断增多,套管程序增加,特别是大尺寸井眼所钻深度明显加大。由于国产大尺寸钻头结构单一、型号少,破岩机械能量和水力能量不足,在易斜井段目前尚无可靠的防斜保直措施,以及钻井液性能不适宜等原因,大尺寸井眼的钻这远远低于215.9mm井眼的钻速。据此,提出了几项可以提高大尺寸井眼钻速的措施:增加大尺寸钻头的种类,采用阶梯式扩眼钻头,强化钻井参数和水力参数,选用中速动力钻具,改善钻井液性能以及采用冲击旋转钻具等。 相似文献
102.
M. Aigner M. Zeilinger H. Hofbauer 《Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification》1995,34(6):515-520
The hydrolysis of isocyanic acid in the gaseous phase has been investigated at temperatures between 553 and 613 K by mass spectrometry and evaluated to obtain the corresponding kinetic data. The reaction order and reaction constant have been determined. Finally, the influence of water on the catalysed formation of melamine from isocyanic acid under the operating conditions employed has been investigated in order to determine whether there is a need to try the process gas. 相似文献
103.
从理论上探讨了磁阻率效应,叙述了精密角位移传感器的工作原理及结构设计。传感器的分辨率已达0.01°,通过可靠性寿命试验,传感器的失效率λ(t)<1×10-7/h。 相似文献
104.
Directional solidification studies of gelatinized corn starch-water mixtures were undertaken in order to examine, in situ, the freezing behavior of this food model. The solidification rate was controlled by varying sample cell velocity as it moved from a 25°C hot stage to a -25°C cold stage. While freezing at cell velocities ≤7.5 μm/sec, starch granules were alternately pushed or entrapped by the advancing solid-liquid interface producing a segregated structure consisting of alternating high-starch and low-starch bands. At a cell velocity of 10 μm/sec, the frozen product was homogeneous. The relationship between the solid-liquid interface velocity and segregation behavior was quantified and compared to an existing model of particle-interface interactions. 相似文献
105.
106.
介绍了用于油田开采工艺的膜片式流量调节阀的结构及其特点,分析了调节阀出口压力、进口压力对其流量的影响。受力分析和现场使用表明:该阀流量恒定精度(即恒流偏差)取决于膜片有效面积S与阀心下端有效面积S′之比,此值为12,其恒流比偏差为0·03,说明该阀的流量恒定精度高;该阀不易被杂质卡死,稀油中直径1mm的砂粒能顺利通过,而不影响阀的功能;膜片式流量调节阀是没有高加工精度要求的部件,普通车床即可生产,因此造价较低。 相似文献
107.
Quasi-static and dynamic crushing behaviors of aluminum and steel tubes with a cutout 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tubular members are commonly used as an energy absorber in engineering structures and many such members have a cutout. In this study, the crushing behaviors of tubes with a cutout are characterized and the effects of cutout on the energy absorption capabilities of these tubes are quantified. Systematic parametric studies were carried out to study the effect of material properties, including yield and ultimate strength of material, strain rate effect, location of cutout, tube length and impact speed on the crushing behaviors and energy absorption capacity of aluminum and steel tubes. First, a numerical model was constructed with a commercial explicit finite element code. It will be first proven that the numerical simulation can produce sufficiently accurate results in an economic manner. Subsequently, the crushing behavior of aluminum and steel tubes with a cutout was experimentally characterized and their energy absorption capacity was evaluated in terms of mean crushing force, peak crushing force and specific energy absorption (SEA). Tubes of various lengths with a cutout located at different locations, subject to both quasi-static and dynamic impact loadings were considered. For steel tubes, the numerical simulation investigated the influence of the strain rate effect and variation in strain hardening ratio of the material. Empirical equations describing the mean and peak crushing forces of aluminum and steel tubes with a cutout were developed using linear and nonlinear regression methods applied to the results obtained from the numerical and experimental studies. 相似文献
108.
109.
Results of metal testing in impact tension–compression and indentation are analyzed. As the analysis of these data demonstrates, the strength of metals increases greatly with strain rates and at moderate indentation rates. At high indentation rates, a decrease in the specific energy (per unit volume of a displaced material) necessary for the formation of a conical cavity was observed. The account of the effects of viscosity, temperature increase upon plastic deformation and its localization can be used to explain the above phenomena. 相似文献
110.
Xueyuan ZhangWenle He Inger Odnevall Wallinder Jinshan PanChristofer Leygraf 《Corrosion Science》2002,44(9):2131-2151
Instantaneous corrosion rates of naturally patinated copper of varying age (16 months, 138 and 145 years) have been determined during continuous rain events in the laboratory with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a two-electrode cell. The two-electrode cell was found to yield the same information in bulk rainwater as a conventional three-electrode cell.Relatively constant corrosion rates, between 0.2 and 0.6 μm/y, were determined for samples having a two-layer structure with an inner brownish layer of cuprous oxide and an outer greenish layer of basic copper salts (138, 145 years). Samples with cuprous oxide as the dominating phase of the patina (16 months) showed higher and somewhat increasing corrosion rates during a rain event (from 0.6 to 1.2 μm/y). During a continuous rain event, corrosion rates were found to be approximately 10 (brownish patina) and 25 times (greenish patina) lower than corresponding instantaneous runoff rates. The first flush phenomena of the runoff process, with an increased concentration during first flush and a relatively constant concentration during steady state, was indirectly seen as an increase in solution conductivity during the first rain volume followed by relative constant value. The contribution of the concentration in the first flush to the total annual runoff rate was significant for panels having a greenish layer (138, 145 years) whereas it was negligible for panels having a brownish layer (16 months). 相似文献