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101.
Identification of gaps in mangrove forests with airborne LIDAR 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mangrove forests change frequently due to disturbances from tropical storms, frost, lightning, and insects. It has been suggested that the death and regeneration of trees in small gaps due to lightning may play a critical role in mangrove forest turnover; however, the large-scale quantification of spatial pattern and areas of gaps is lacking for investigating this issue. Airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology provides an effective way for identifying gaps by remotely obtaining direct measurements of ground and canopy elevations. A method based on an alternative sequential filter and black top-hat mathematical morphological transformation was developed to extract gap features. Comparison of identified gap polygons with raw LIDAR measurements and field surveys shows that the proposed method successfully extracted gap features in mangrove forests in Everglades National Park. There are 400–500 lightning gaps per square kilometer in mangrove forests at the study sites. The distribution of gap sizes follows an exponential form and the area of gaps with sizes larger than 100 m2 account for 55–61% of the total area of gaps. The area of gaps in the mangrove forest in Everglades National Park is about 4–5% of the total forest area and the average gap formation rate is about 0.3% of the total forest area per year, indicating that lightning gaps play an important role in mangrove forest dynamics. 相似文献
102.
Morteza Khayrollah Abdollah 《AEUE-International Journal of Electronics and Communications》2008,62(8):588-596
A new open-loop high-speed CMOS sample-and-hold is presented. Based on new method for further reduction of voltage-dependent charge injection, a new CMOS sample-and-hold was designed. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of this method. Over 10 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, compared to the signal-to-noise ratio of conventional bottom plate sampling S/Hs was achieved with this method. A comparison between newly designed S/H and the bottom-plate sampling S/H is presented. 相似文献
103.
1 故障现象一次 ,我们用KL -1 5型制氧制氮车开机制氮 ,给一只容积为 40升、最高工作压力为1 4 7MPa的气瓶灌充氮气 ,当气瓶充气压力升高到一定值时不再上升。反复开泵 ,压力基本不变。液氧泵停止时 ,出口压力无明显下降。经分析判断导致气瓶压力升高到一定值时不再上升的原因是由于液氧泵被冻结所致。2 排除方法首先关闭液氧泵。拧开制冷机氢气放气阀 ,使压力下降到 1 0MPa。开大放气阀 ,使二级压力保持在 0 3 5MPa左右。调整正流空气调节阀 ,调节好中部温度。关闭液氮进液氧泵阀和气氮出液氧泵阀。戴棉布手套 ,拆开液氮进口接头、… 相似文献
104.
薄板坯连铸连轧工艺对铌微合金化高强度钢组织和性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首先建立薄板坯连铸连轧工艺的试验室模拟技术,并运用该模拟技术,研究薄板坯连铸连轧工艺(CSP)和传统板坯再加热工艺(TRP)两种工艺对铌微合金化高强度钢的显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:CSP钢的晶粒细化效果不如TRP钢,两者的平均铁素体晶粒尺寸分别为8.17μm和6.30μm。在CSP试验钢板中铌的析出量较大,特别是在铁素体中细小颗粒的铌的析出物较多,沉淀强化效果较强。CSP试验钢的σ0.5和σb分别较TRP工艺低约40MPa和约25MPa,同时其低温冲击韧性较好,FATT温度较低。 相似文献
105.
本文针对安钢高炉冷却壁破损的形式、原因进行研究分析,探讨了冷却壁的结构、材质、加工与安装工艺对其寿命的影响。介绍了安钢高炉炉役后期冷却壁的维护生产实践。 相似文献
106.
In the late eighties and up to the beginning of nineties computation of turbulent flows is mostly dominated by RANS (Reynolds
Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulation) type modelling. During the last few years URANS (Unsteady RANS) and LES (Large Eddy Simulation)
type of approaches have been attempted with some success. Yet, there have been many difficulties when LES is applied to practical
engineering problems and to high Reynolds number flows as energy dissipating eddies become really small and mesh resolution
required for a reasonably resolved LES approaches that of DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation). An alternative solution suggested
was to combine RANS and LES, which in general referred to as Hybrid LES. There have been many proposals for combining RANS
and LES in different ways. In this article, some of the issues involved in performing hybrid LES reported in the recent literature
is briefly reviewed. 相似文献
107.
本文分析了锌基合金模具制造及使用过程中容易出现热裂、翘曲、收缩的问题,并提出了解决这些问题的措施。 相似文献
108.
Herbert S. Bennett 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2007,112(4):209-221
In this paper, we present the theory for calculating Raman line shapes as functions of the Fermi energy and finite temperatures in zinc blende, n-type GaAs for donor densities between 1016 cm−3 and 1019 cm−3. Compared to other theories, this theory is unique in two respects: 1) the many-body effects are treated self-consistently and 2) the theory is valid at room temperature for arbitrary values of the ratio R = (Q2/α), where Q is the magnitude of the normalized wave vector and α is the normalized frequency used in the Raman measurements. These calculations solve the charge neutrality equation self-consistently for a two-band model of GaAs at 300 K that includes the effects of high carrier concentrations and dopant densities on the perturbed densities of states used to calculate the Fermi energy as a function of temperature. The results are then applied to obtain the carrier concentrations from Fermi energies in the context of line shapes in Raman spectra due to the coupling between longitudinal optical phonons and plasmons. Raman measurements have been proposed as a non-destructive method for wafer acceptance tests of carrier density in semiconductor epilayers. The interpretation of Raman spectra to determine the majority electron density in n-type semiconductors requires an interdisciplinary effort involving experiments, theory, and computer-based simulations and visualizations of the theoretical calculations. 相似文献
109.
In recent years, the Asia-Pacific region has experienced several financial setbacks, including speculative attacks in 1998 and the SARS outbreak in 2003. Financial stresses of this nature are unanticipated, and not all of the dangers can be predicted by the examination of market information and macroeconomic indicators. The Early Warning System (EWS) that has been adopted by the International Monetary Fund may not be able to predict future financial crises for all possible scenarios, because shocks come in many different forms. To supplement the EWS, this paper proposes a data mining framework to measure the resilience of an economy. The resilience framework does not predict a crisis, but rather assesses the current state of health of an economy and its ability to withstand a financial shock should one occur. The framework is based on a feedback system consisting of two stages. The first stage assigns a resilience score to each economy based on a fuzzy logic scoring scheme that is built on the ambiguous reasoning of experts. The second stage uses the classification tree approach to estimate thresholds for each economic indicator, and examines the quality of the fuzzy score. The result from the second stage is then passed back to the first stage as feedback. The final result is obtained when the feedback system reaches its equilibrium state. The proposed resilience framework is applied to the external-sector and the public-sector economies of several countries to illustrate its applicability. 相似文献
110.
耀江大厦顶层屋面热泵的振动治理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过耀江大厦27层屋面上六台热泵振动治理前后的振动和噪声测试数据的对比,简要阐述了安装在屋面上热泵的振动影响的程度和范围、产生振动影响和固体噪声传递的原因,并介绍了热泵双层隔振的方法和隔振效果。 相似文献