Culinary acculturation assessment inventory (CAAI): Construction and validation in first generation immigrant consumers in Turkey

The effect of immigration upon immigrants’ choice of food should be captured not only with dietary intake, but also through assessing culturally-based culinary exposures. This approach would advance dietary acculturation research towards culinary acculturation. For this purpose, Culinary Acculturation Assessment Inventory (CAAI) is developed, using visual items. Validity and reliability of CAAI relating to the Turkish Cuisine were determined in a group of first-generation immigrants. Recommended scale development methods were employed. The initial version, including 40 items across two domains of dietary intake and culinary exposures was administered to 256 participants (162 immigrants from 53 countries, 94 Turkish participants). Exploratory factor analyses were performed to identify dietary and culinary practice patterns. Final version of CAAI included 37 items, comprising five factors in dietary domain as basic, meat-heavy, starch-heavy, and accessory foods patterns (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.834), and one factor in cuisine-related practices domain (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.732). Construct validity was investigated by Multiple Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) comparing CAAI factor scores between the immigrant and Turkish participants. Among immigrants, comparisons were made according to acculturation proxies, while accounting for potential covariates. Factor scores that differed significantly between the immigrants and Turkish people (basic and cuisine-related practices patterns) also differed significantly among immigrants with high vs. low fluency in Turkish. In conclusion, CAAI is a reliable and valid measure of culinary acculturation of immigrant population. This novel instrument and its short version can be adapted and used in other countries to capture the culinary acculturation of their immigrants.     

Harmonised procedures for producing new data on the nutritional composition of ethnic foods

Food composition databases provide important data that can be used in a variety of ways to improve the nutritional quality of food and the health of the populations. The multicultural nature of European populations, together with increased travel and the globalisation of the food supply, has led to an increase in the consumption of ethnic foods by both mainstream and ethnic populations. However, the information that is available on the composition of ethnic foods is currently incomplete and fragmentary which both prevents effective health and disease interventions and limits the provision of dietary advice and information. One of the aims of the ethnic foods work package within the European Commission’s FP6 Network of Excellence EuroFIR is the provision of new and reliable data on the nutritional composition of ethnic foods from seven EU Member States and Israel for inclusion in national food composition databases. To achieve this goal, specific standards and mechanisms were developed to sample and analyse foods to harmonise procedures. Given the anticipated usage of the data it was essential that they were representative of the foods consumed in the country or region and that proper sampling procedures of the foods were employed. The most important nutrients were prioritised and analysed by selected accredited laboratories. The analytical methods selected were appropriate to fulfil the requirements of the resulting data. Quality assurance measures (ISO 17025, CRMs, IQC) were in place and the data accurately reflected the composition of chosen foods. This paper describes the procedures for producing validated new data for inclusion in forthcoming publications.     

一个无人区边的移民聚落的案例研究

本文以一个具体的移民聚落作为研究案例,通过现场的踏勘和测绘,比照族谱的记载探寻新屋垸的罗氏家族始迁祖在移民过程中择址而居所考量的因素及其精神理念。探寻宗族移民聚落发展的踪迹,以人类学的视野解读人们的聚居环境及地域文化,以期对为移民聚落的保育实践等提供理论支持。     

后三峡时代的库区移民新城规划建设探索 ——以开县为例

随着移民迁建任务的完成,库区 移民新城进入了后三峡时代。本文在认真 剖析后三峡时代库区移民新城面临的机遇 和挑战的基础上,在培育多元动力、完善体 制机制、强化规划引领、新城建设模式等方 面进行了初步探索。以开县实践为案例进行 实证研究,总结开县在移民迁建时期的经验 教训、在后三峡时代所采取的措施及取得 的成效,进而提出下步移民新城持续发展的 对策建议,以期通过开县的实践和探索,寻 求符合库区后三峡时代的城市规划建设路 径。     

近代鄂尔多斯地区“半农半牧”聚落的形成及演变

聚落的形成和发展是一个动态的过程,鄂尔多斯地区＂半农半牧＂聚落的形成历史一定意义上是民族融合的历史,长期的移民活动,经历了＂雁行＂到定居,移民村落从由建立到融入地方社会,要经历一个漫长的历史过程。本文以近代鄂尔多斯地区为研究对象,试图从其形成的历史背景、演变过程、制约因素等,对鄂尔多斯地区＂半农半牧＂聚落的形成及演变进行研究。     

Fatal falls among Hispanic construction workers

This study evaluated occupational deaths resulting from fall injuries among Hispanic construction workers using data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and the Current Population Survey. The demographics and characteristics of fatal falls among Hispanic workers were examined and compared with that of their white, non-Hispanic counterparts. The results show that fatal injuries among Hispanic construction workers were more likely to be caused by a fall than their white, non-Hispanic counterparts (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.05–2.10) after controlling for possible confounders. The rate of fatal falls for foreign-born Hispanic construction workers was 5.5 per 100,000 FTE, which is significantly higher than 4.1 per 100,000 FTE for Hispanic workers who were born in the U.S. (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.08–1.67). The disparities in fatal injuries from falls were found in age groups, job tenure, occupations, and types of construction projects. This study also found that about every two of three fatal falls in construction occurred in establishments with 10 or fewer employees. More prevention, intervention, and training measures must be applied to Hispanic workers, especially those who are new immigrants. OSHA enforcements should target small construction establishments in order to lower overall fatality rates, costs, and unnecessary losses of life.