印度洋海啸与政府危机管理

文章从政府危机管理出发,分析了印度洋海啸造成众多人员伤亡和巨大财产损失的间接原因有危机发生前的监测预警不力,预防危机发生的准备不力,危机发生后的应对困难。并借鉴了英美日3国危机管理的经验,提出政府危机管理应重在建立危机的预警系统、建立国际沟通与多国合作的协调关系、建立健全政府危机管理的应急决策机制、建立社会力量的动员与参与机制、建立财政资源的动员机制、制定相应的法律法规、信息及时有效公开这7个方面着力。     

中国与非洲环印度洋岛国职业教育合作途径探索——以马达加斯加、科摩罗为例

印度洋是中国“海上丝绸之路”的重要路线,中国与非洲环印度洋岛国职业教育合作的必要性首先体现在中国职业教育对外开放能够扩大中国教育的国际影响力。其次,非洲环印度洋岛国发展现状迫切需要提升职业教育水平,包括高速增长的人口数量与低迷的经济水平矛盾,以及劳动技能严重缺乏与有限的教育资源矛盾。中国与非洲环印度洋岛国职业教育合作的途径包括充分利用双边优势,实现教育双赢;推动政府、企业、学校协同合作;促进交流多样化,打造复合型应用人才。     

新疆棉与进口美棉、印度棉针织物力学性能比较研究

为推广和普及新疆机采棉技术,本文主要研究了碱缩对棉针织物力学性能和服用性能的影响,分别将新疆机采棉与新疆手摘棉、美棉针织物,以及新疆手摘棉和印度棉针织物进行力学性能对比实验,实验结果表明,经碱缩处理后,针织物横密纵密、顶破强力和顶破伸长均增加,其中机采棉的力学性能增大更明显,因此,减缩后机采棉针织物力学性能更加接近手摘棉针织物。该研究为我国棉产业的发展提供了理论依据。     

青藏高原东南缘碰撞造山结构与物质组成:来自岩石地球化学和地球物理的联合约束

青藏高原东南缘位于印度板块与欧亚板块侧向汇聚部位,是检验碰撞造山动力学模型的理想场所。尽可能全面收集该区已有地球物理和新生代岩浆岩数据,探讨这些资料对碰撞造山带结构和物质组成的指示。结果表明:青藏高原东南缘不同部位的壳幔结构和组成存在较大差异。兰坪—思茅地块、保山地块和腾冲地块等的中地壳(15～30 km深度)普遍发育低速层,表明富水层或者部分熔融物质的存在,为青藏高原物质向东南流动提供了可能。部分熔融产物以大型剪切带内具有高Sr、低Nd同位素特征的淡色花岗岩脉为代表。但是,扬子板块同等深度下却发育高速层,其组成很可能是峨眉山玄武岩,它的存在阻隔了碰撞带物质向东流动。扬子板块和兰坪—思茅地块下地壳底部均出现呈条带状展布的高速体。根据新生代具有高Sr、低Y的岩石显示的下地壳源区特征,结合该区地质演化历史,将上述两套呈条带状展布的高速体分别解释为新元古代铁镁质弧岩浆岩和二叠纪—三叠纪铁镁质弧岩浆岩。青藏高原东南缘地幔各向异性存在明显南、北分区特征,在26°N以北表现为SN向,在26°N以南表现为近EW向。这一差异跟俯冲的印度板片撕裂有密切关系。该撕裂在综合地球物理剖面上显示为突变的印度板片俯冲角度,在地表表现为苦橄岩、煌斑岩、埃达克岩以及淡色花岗岩等的集中出露。这一新模型明显区别于前人的岩石圈拆沉和对流减薄等作用。     

DO及曝气方式对磷酸盐还原除磷工艺的影响

以超高盐(7％NaCl)高磷榨菜废水为研究对象,考察了DO以及曝气方式对磷酸盐还原除磷工艺的影响.试验结果表明,DO主要通过影响生物膜内微环境的分布,导致除磷效能随DO的降低而降低.只有当DO高于5.5 mg/L时,才能构建出适合磷酸盐还原菌生长的特殊区域(ORP＞-150 mV).同时曝气量的不同,还会影响生物膜内的...     

Electrophoretic and functional properties of mustard seed meals and protein concentrates

Defatted meals and protein concentrates from five varieties of mustard seeds (four Brassica spp. and one Sinapis alba) were analyzed for polypeptide composition and functional properties. Nonreducing gel electrophoresis showed that Brassica seeds lacked the 135- and 50-kDa polypeptides that were present in the seeds of the S. alba variety. On the other hand, the 29-kDa polypeptide found in the Brassica seeds was absent from the seed of the S. alba variety. Under reducing conditions, the 135 kDa was not detected in the S. alba variety and the intensity of the 50-kDa polypeptide was severely reduced; in contrast, the intensity of the 29-kDa polypeptide in the Brassica seeds was not affected. Meals from yellow seeds had significantly higher (P≤0.05) protein contents than meals from the brown seeds. The emulsifying activity indexes (EAI) of meals and protein concentrates from the Brassica seeds were significantly higher (P≤0.05) than those obtained for similar products from S. alba sees. It was concluded that the disulfide-bonded 50- and 135-kDa polypeptides may have contributed to increased rigidity of S. alba meal proteins, which resulted in poor EAI when compared to the Brassica meals, which do not contain these polypeptides.     

氮芥型苦参碱前药的合成与表征

为了得到活性更好的化疗药剂,以苦参碱和氮芥[N,N-二(2-氯乙基)氨基]互为药效基团,以槐果碱为原料,合成了4个氮芥型苦参碱衍生物,所有化合物未有文献报道,其结构经元素分析、1HNMR和MS测试确证。     

Effect of Extraction Solvent on Oil and Bioactives Composition of Commercial Indian Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) Seed

Commercially available niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) seed was investigated to evaluate the effect of extraction solvent on oil and bioactives composition. For this purpose, niger seeds were subjected to solvent extraction using solvents of different polarity, viz., hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and ethanol. The oil content of niger seeds obtained after extraction with solvents of different polarities was in the range of 31.8–41.3 g/100 g. The extracted oil was characterized by the following parameters: color (40.0–95.0 Lovibond units), free fatty acids (3.6–12.3 g/100 g), peroxide value (3.2–7.8 mequiv O₂/kg), iodine value (137.6–140.3 cg I₂/g), saponification value (177.3–185.9 mg KOH/g) and unsaponifiable matter (1.3–4.3 g/100 g). Among fatty acids, linoleic acid (69.4–73.2 %) was the major fatty acid and trilinolein (31.2–33.4 %) was the major triacylglycerol. The composition of bioactive molecules was 171.9–345.8 ppm of total tocopherols; 247.1–2,647.7 ppm of total phenolics; 1,249.6–6,309.3 ppm of total sterols and 18.9–181.0 ppm of total carotenoids. Among the tocopherols, α-tocopherol was the major component with 154–276 ppm. Of the total phenolics, vanillic acid with 176–1,709 ppm was the major phenolic compound in the oil extracted using different solvents. Ethanol-extracted oil showed a 13.9-fold better oxidative stability and a higher radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ value of 9.2 mg/mL) compared to hexane-extracted oil (IC₅₀ value of 40.3 mg/mL). This is probably the first report of its kind on solvent extractability of bioactives of niger seed.     

Fluidized Bed Drying of Aonla (Emblica officinalis)

In the present work an attempt has been made to study the dehydration of aonla (Indian gooseberry) fruits. Aonla fruits, being highly perishable, cannot be kept for long periods. Aonla contains a very high amount of vitamin C, which is highly volatile and susceptible to heat. Sun drying required the longest period of drying (660 min), while the shortest time of drying is with fluidized bed drying at 80°C with 115 m/min air velocity (120 min). The results indicate that there is great loss of most of the ascorbic acid in the aonla slices. This suggests that the drying exposure caused the loss of volatile biochemical compounds. The retention of ascorbic acid in the samples dried in fluidized bed drying is greater compared to those dried under sun and hot air tray.     

味精厂废水生产麸酸有机复混肥在芥菜上的应用效果

采用田间试验方法研究了麸酸有机复混肥在芥菜上的应用效果。结果表明:与进口复合肥及单质化肥相比,施用麸酸有机复混肥的单季芥菜产量有所降低,但品质和经济效益增加。此外,施用麸酸有机复混肥有降低芥菜硝酸盐含量的趋势。综合产量、品质与效益分析,芥菜以1/2麸酸有机复混肥 1/2化肥配施模式最佳。