基于RSSI均值的无线传感器网络拓扑控制算法

针对采用接收信号强度指示(RSSI)值构建拓扑存在误差的不足,提出一种分布式拓扑控制算法RTC。该算法基于RSSI均值计算节点间双向路径损耗,从而判断两节点间是否存在每跳通信链路代价都小于直接通信链路代价的两跳路径,以构建局部优化拓扑。理论分析了算法的通信复杂度和网络连通性,仿真分析了其节能特性,结果表明RTC在降低网络能量消耗的同时延长了网络生命周期。     

全景图像拼接的网络化感知节点自主定位系统

分析网络化感知系统节点定位问题的特殊性,针对深空探测环境未知的问题,提出利用全景图像重合度来修正信号衰减模型,提高测距精度;提出一种修正的高精度节点自主定位算法来解决多移动节点协同定位问题,该算法是把切圆法引入到基于全景图片重合度的RSSI修正定位方法中。当多个感知节点定位时,根据视距近似原则选择定位锚节点来进行H-CM算法,仿真结果表明该定位方案可以有效提高感知节点的定位精度。     

Carbon Metabolism of a Soilborne Mn(II)-Oxidizing Escherichia coli Isolate Implicated as a Pronounced Modulator of Bacterial Mn Oxidation

Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms are generally considered the primary driving forces in the biological formation of Mn oxides. However, the mechanistic elucidation of the actuation and regulation of Mn oxidation in soilborne bacteria remains elusive. Here, we performed joint multiple gene-knockout analyses and comparative morphological and physiological determinations to characterize the influence of carbon metabolism on the Mn oxide deposit amount (MnODA) and the Mn oxide formation of a soilborne bacterium, Escherichia coli MB266. Different carbon source substances exhibited significantly varied effects on the MnODA of MB266. A total of 16 carbon metabolism-related genes with significant variant expression levels under Mn supplementation conditions were knocked out in the MB266 genome accordingly, but only little effect on the MnODA of each mutant strain was accounted for. However, a simultaneous four-gene-knockout mutant (namely, MB801) showed an overall remarkable MnODA reduction and an initially delayed Mn oxide formation compared with the wild-type MB266. The assays using scanning/transmission electron microscopy verified that MB801 exhibited not only a delayed Mn-oxide aggregate processing, but also relatively smaller microspherical agglomerations, and presented flocculent deposit Mn oxides compared with normal fibrous and crystalline Mn oxides formed by MB266. Moreover, the Mn oxide aggregate formation was highly related to the intracellular ROS level. Thus, this study demonstrates that carbon metabolism acts as a pronounced modulator of MnODA in MB266, which will provide new insights into the occurrence of Mn oxidation and Mn oxide formation by soilborne bacteria in habitats where Mn(II) naturally occurs.     

Cloning and Characterization of a Thermostable Endolysin of Bacteriophage TP-84 as a Potential Disinfectant and Biofilm-Removing Biological Agent

The obligatory step in the life cycle of a lytic bacteriophage is the release of its progeny particles from infected bacterial cells. The main barrier to overcome is the cell wall, composed of crosslinked peptidoglycan, which counteracts the pressure prevailing in the cytoplasm and protects the cell against osmotic lysis and mechanical damage. Bacteriophages have developed two strategies leading to the release of progeny particles: the inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis and enzymatic cleavage by a bacteriophage-coded endolysin. In this study, we cloned and investigated the TP84_28 endolysin of the bacteriophage TP-84, which infects thermophilic Geobacillus stearothermophilus, determined the enzymatic characteristics, and initially evaluated the endolysin application as a non-invasive agent for disinfecting surfaces, including those exposed to high temperatures. Both the native and recombinant TP84_28 endolysins, obtained through the Escherichia coli T7-lac expression system, are highly thermostable and retain trace activity after incubation at 100 °C for 30 min. The proteins exhibit strong bacterial wall digestion activity up to 77.6 °C, decreasing to marginal activity at ambient temperatures. We assayed the lysis of various types of bacteria using TP84_28 endolysins: Gram-positive, Gram-negative, encapsulated, and pathogenic. Significant lytic activity was observed on the thermophilic and mesophilic Gram-positive bacteria and, to a lesser extent, on the thermophilic and mesophilic Gram-negative bacteria. The thermostable TP84_28 endolysin seems to be a promising mild agent for disinfecting surfaces exposed to high temperatures.     

Atomic-Resolution Structures and Mode of Action of Clinically Relevant Antimicrobial Peptides

Global rise of infections and deaths caused by drug-resistant bacterial pathogens are among the unmet medical needs. In an age of drying pipeline of novel antibiotics to treat bacterial infections, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are proven to be valid therapeutics modalities. Direct in vivo applications of many AMPs could be challenging; however, works are demonstrating encouraging results for some of them. In this review article, we discussed 3-D structures of potent AMPs e.g., polymyxin, thanatin, MSI, protegrin, OMPTA in complex with bacterial targets and their mode of actions. Studies on human peptide LL37 and de novo-designed peptides are also discussed. We have focused on AMPs which are effective against drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Since treatment options for the infections caused by super bugs of Gram-negative bacteria are now extremely limited. We also summarize some of the pertinent challenges in the field of clinical trials of AMPs.     

黄铁矿烧渣微生物脱硫

在烧渣生物脱硫的试验.论研究了矿浆浓度、Fe³⁺浓度及pH值对游离T.f菌浓度和脱硫率的影响.证明烧渣脱硫是T.f.菌直接浸出作用和由细菌而产生的Fe³⁺间接浸出作用的联合;脱硫速率和菌种氧化活性受到吸附在固相上和液相中细菌生长情况、矿浆浓度、pH值和Fe³⁺的影响;三价铁离子的添加可影响菌种活性,抑制浸出的进行,且易在矿物表面产生沉淀,降低氧化率.烧渣生物脱硫后,可达到铁精矿标准.     

Use of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria for the improvement of copper extraction from a low-grade ore

Bioleaching was examined for copper extraction from a low grade ore using mesophilic and moderate thermophilic bacteria. Five equal size columns were used for the leaching of the ore. Sulfuric acid solution with a flow rate of 3.12 L.m-2.h-1 and pH 1.5 passed through each column continuously for 90 d. In the first and the second column, bioleaching was performed without agglomeration of the ore and on the agglomerated ore, respectively. 28wt% of the copper was extracted in the first column after 40 d, while this figure was 38wt% in the second column. After 90 d, however, the overall extractions were almost the same for both of them. Bioleaching with mesophilic bacteria was performed in the third column without agglomeration of the ore and in the fourth column on the agglomerated ore. After 40 d, copper extractions in the third and the fourth columns were 62wt% and 70wt%, respectively. Copper extractions were 75wt% for both the columns after 90 d. For the last column, bioleaching was performed with moderate thermophilic bacteria and agglomerated ore. Copper extractions were 80wt% and 85wt% after 40 and 90 d, respectively. It was concluded that crushing and agglomeration of the ore using bacteria could enhance the copper extraction considerably.     

Intestinal Transport and Biotransformation of Resibufogenin and Cinobufagin in Chan Su via HPLC/APCI-MSn

In vitro models of human colon carcinoma cell line(Caco-2 cell monolayer) and human intestinal bacteria were used to investigate the intestinal transport and biotransformation of resibufogenin and cinobufagin in Chan Su by HPLC/APCI-MS<'n>. The experimental results of Caco-2 cell monolayer demonstrate that the apparent permeability cocfficients(P<,app>) of resibufogenin and cinobufagin are higher than 10<'-6> cm/s, which indicates that both resibufogenin and cinobufagin have a good absorption in the small intestine. And the biotransformation result of human intestinal bacteria shows that resibufogenin has been transformed to 3-epiresibufogenin and cinobufagin has been transformed to 3-epicinobufagin, deacetyicinobufagin and 3-epideacetycinobufagin, respectively.     

Structural purity of magnetite nanoparticles in magnetotactic bacteria

Magnetosome biomineralization and chain formation in magnetotactic bacteria are two processes that are highly controlled at the cellular level in order to form cellular magnetic dipoles. However, even if the magnetosome chains are well characterized, controversial results about the microstructure of magnetosomes were obtained and its possible influence in the formation of the magnetic dipole is to be specified. For the first time, the microstructure of intracellular magnetosomes was investigated using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Significant differences in the lattice parameter were found between intracellular magnetosomes from cultured magnetotactic bacteria and isolated ones. Through comparison with abiotic control materials of similar size, we show that this difference can be associated with different oxidation states and that the biogenic nanomagnetite is stoichiometric, i.e. structurally pure whereas isolated magnetosomes are slightly oxidized. The hierarchical structuring of the magnetosome chain thus starts with the formation of structurally pure magnetite nanoparticles that in turn might influence the magnetic property of the magnetosome chains.     

紫金桥软件抽油机监控数字化解决方案

通过案例画面论述基于紫金桥软件平台的油田数字化解决方案。给出项目简要需求分析问题和总体方案设计以及重要功能设计。