Energy-limiting factor for coal and gas outburst occurrence in intact coal seam

This research reviewed the mechanics and gas desorption properties of intact coal, and tested the crushing work ratios of different intact coals, and then, studied the stress conditions for the failure or crushing of intact coal and the gas demand for the pulverization of intact coal particles. When a real-life outburst case is examined, the required minimum stress for intact coal outburst is estimated. The study concludes that the crushing work ratios of three intact coal samples vary from 294.3732 to 945.8048 J/m². For the real-life case, more than 2300 MJ of transport work is needed, and 10062.09, 7046.57 and 5895.47 m³ of gas is required when the gas pressure is 1, 2 and 3 MPa, respectively. The crushing work exceeds the transport work and even reaches 13.96 times of the transport work. How to provide such an enormous crushing work is an energy-limiting factor for the outburst in intact coal. The strain energy is needed for the crushing work, and the required minimum stress is over 54.35 MPa, even reaching 300.44 MPa. These minimum stresses far exceed the in-situ vertical and horizontal stresses that can be provided at the 300–700 m mining depth range.     

Biological functions of low-frequency vibrations (phonons). 7. The impetus for DNA to accommodate intercalators

Each intact segment within a DNA molecule (i.e. a stretch of double helix without disrupted hydrogen bonds) can generate a low-frequency standing wave [Chou, K. C. (1984), Biochemical Journal, 221 ,27-31] of nearly identical frequency to that of other intact segments. Therefore, coupling among this kind of segment can lead to a spontaneous low-frequency resonance. Such resonance can also cause a local ‘DNA-quake’ to occur spontaneously, and this kind of quake-like motion can produce a sufficiently large ‘hole’ for larger intercalators to gain entrance into (and exit from) the DNA.     

设备完好与故障指标综合应用的研讨

设备完好率、设备制造质量、故障停机率之间的相应关系进行了论述，并给出单台设备完好率概念和指标     

Kinetics of cowpea starch gelatinization and modeling of starch gelatinization during steaming of intact cowpea seed

Steaming of cowpea seeds prevents weevil infestation during storage. Physicochemical changes such as starch gelatinization from steaming may lead to seed resistance to weevil penetration and digestion. A kinetics of starch gelatinization was constructed and incorporated in a heat and mass transfer model to quantitatively investigate starch gelatinization in intact seeds during steaming. The outer layers of steamed seeds (0.5 mm thick) were removed by a specially designed grinding device to measure degree of starch gelatinization (DG). The predicted DG in the outermost layer of seeds was found to be in good agreement with experimental data. The average relative error for DG was 14.6%.     

An investigation of cathodic oxygen reduction beneath an intact organic coating on mild steel and its relevance to cathodic disbonding

An epoxy-coated mild steel panel was coupled with bare mild steel to characterise the cathodic reaction underneath the paint and study the short term change in properties of the coating under cathodic polarisation. It showed that the cathodic reaction obeys the Tafel law and is not controlled by either the high coating resistance or oxygen transport through the coating.     

Direct induction of CCK and GLP-1 release from murine endocrine cells by intact dietary proteins

Scope: Consumption of high‐protein diets cause elevated levels of CCK and GLP‐1. Although unknown, this might be due to protein breakdown by various proteases that originate from the gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated which dietary proteins, hydrolysates, or synthetic‐peptides are most potent to affect secretion of CCK and GLP‐1 in STC‐1 cells known for satiety hormone release. Methods and results: Addition of intact proteins to STC‐1 cells exerted strong effects on secretion of satiety hormones. Casein, whey, and pea showed strongest effects on CCK release, whereas casein, codfish, egg, and wheat showed most pronounced effects on GLP‐1 release. Egg‐hydrolysate stimulated release of CCK and GLP‐1, whereas all other tested hydrolysates and synthetic‐peptides showed no significant effects on hormone release. Addition of a combination of trypsin and casein‐hydrolysate, codfish, egg, egg‐hydrolysate, sodium‐casein, wheat‐hydrolysate, or wheat resulted in additional stimulation of CCK release, compared to only the protein. Addition of a combination of DPP‐IV and egg‐hydrolysate, ovomucoid, or sodium‐casein decreased GLP‐1 levels. Conclusion: This study showed that specific intact, or partially digested proteins, in contrast to protein‐hydrolysates and synthetic‐peptides, stimulated hormone release. We conclude that intact proteins exert strong effects on satiety hormone release, and may therefore provide potent dietary supplements for prevention or treatment of obesity.     

Effect of a high DC electric field on plant leaves reflectivity

The effect of a high direct current (DC) electric field viewed as an unfavorable environmental situation on intact plant leaf reflectivity was considered. Five genetic different corn spaces were exposed to a high DC electric field (14.4 KV/m). The reflectivity of the plant leaves at 550 nm and 682 nm was measured after 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. It was observed that the high DC electric field had a strong effect on plant leaves reflectivity. The leaf reflectivity changes nonlinearly with time for all investigated genetic types.     

Rapid Nondestructive Analysis of Intact Canola Seeds Using a Handheld Near-Infrared Spectrometer

The near-infrared (NIR) models for canola quality were developed with samples from Canadian canola seeds harvested in 2016 and 2017. All calibration models were first tested on a 2017 external validation sample set. The handheld NIR spectrometer used in this study has a limited wavelength range 908.1–1676.2 nm; however, the validation results showed that it could be used to predict several important parameters that defined canola seed quality. Final testing was performed using calibration models with the least number of factors on a second external canola validation sample set (2018 harvest). Some calibration models showed excellent stability and predictive powers with R²_val values of 0.94–0.99 (i.e., oil, protein, oleic acid and iodine value) and low SEPs for both external validation sample sets. The α-linolenic acid model had an R²_val of 0.93 when applied to the 2017 external validation set, the correlation fell slightly to 0.88 when applied to the 2018 external validation sample set, potentially indicating a slight instability in the model. The prediction model for total glucosinolate was not very good, but still could be used to segregate the samples into low or high glucosinolate samples. Finally, the predictive models for chlorophyll and total saturates were unusable. The chlorophyll model was very unstable, likely due to the instrument's limited wavelength range.     

Urban Disturbance: Urban Intrusions of the office for subversive architecture (osa)

The work of the office for subversive architecture (osa) ‘crosses boundaries by thinking beyond, or further than others’. For the office's Ulrich Beckefeld and Karsten Huneck , transgression is both a conceptual and practical tool. For the work to communicate effectively, it has to stretch expectations and question norms. The urban public spaces within which they intervene are also the most tightly controlled areas of any city, which requires a subtle but pragmatic disregard for regulations.     

On-line analysis of intact olive fruits by vis–NIR spectroscopy: Optimisation of the acquisition parameters

In the last years, the potential of NIRS for quantitative and qualitative analysis of olives fruits and oils has been investigated. However, limited work has been published about the on-line implementation of NIR spectroscopy in this sector. NIRS application at factory level (olive mills) is desirable. However, prior its implementation, many parameters related to the on-line spectrum acquisition, must be studied and optimised. In this paper, the influence of parameters such as focal distance and integration time has been studied. On-line spectral measurements were performed on intact olives in the spectral range of 380–1690 nm using a diode array spectrometer located on the top of a conveyor belt. The statistical criteria used to evaluate the spectral repeatability for each level of parameters considered were the standard deviation (SD) of the log (1/R) values and the root mean square statistics (RMS). Results demonstrated that for on-line control of olives in movement, spectra acquisition process was more affected by the focal distance chosen than by the integration time used. A focal distance of 13 mm and an integration time of 5 s have been defined as the optimal operational conditions.