关于新规范中沥青路面压实度测评方法的比较

由于沥青路面面层压实度不够,空隙率偏大,造成沥青路面水损害严重,因此施工中压实度的控制显得十分重要。从标准密度的取值方法和实际密度的测定方法等方面对新规范的测评方法进行了比较,提出根据设计空隙率大小来选择合适的压实度评定标准。     

平板冲击加载下对双相钢动态损伤演变的研究

利用一级轻汽炮以一击二的方式对2种不同热处理状态的双相钢进行加载,采用多普勒测速系统对加载过程中样品的自由面粒子速度进行测量,通过金相显微分析、纳米压痕分析对样品进行表征,探讨了双相钢的层裂损伤演变。结果表明:孔洞并没有像准静态损伤理论一样在相界面处优先形核长大,而是在马氏体内部形核,然后长大贯通形成微裂纹贯穿整个马氏体,形成穿晶断裂; 由于相界面对冲击波具有反射与透射作用,冲击波从高阻抗的相传入低阻抗的相内时会在高阻抗相内形成拉伸脉冲,从而引起层裂损伤; 相界面越多,在高阻抗相内产生拉应力并形成孔洞的几率越大,样品层裂强度也越低。     

Elucidation of mean voidage in packed beds

Mean voidage is a global structural property of packed beds and its accurate prediction is therefore of great significance in any plug-flow type model. A general correlation has been developed which enables this parameter to be evaluated. The work reported here deals with mono-size non-porous spherical packing, but also tackles related issues such as size distribution and the way in which they influence the mean voidage. In addition, an attempt has been made to discuss the merits of alternative packing arrangements.     

内氧化对渗铝钢循环氧化性能的影响

通过循环氧化试验和SEM观察，研究了内氧化对扩散型热浸渗铝钢循环氧化性能的影响.结果表明，经高温扩散处理后，热浸镀铝钢扩散层的次外层和过渡层之间均有空洞产生.随扩散温度升高和时间延长，次外层和过渡层之间空洞逐步聚集连接成平行于表面的波浪线状空洞带，使高温氧化过程中扩散层产生了内氧化，氧化动力学曲线偏离平方抛物线规律而呈现抛物线—直线规律.因此，渗铝钢的长期氧化速度同时受扩散层内氧化和外氧化的控制.探讨了扩散层空洞带和内氧化的形成机理.      

壁后空洞对衬砌结构力学性能影响的试验研究

壁后空洞是一种常见的隧道病害形式,对衬砌结构的力学性能有重要影响.以福建省道206线龙门隧道的病害检测与改造工程为背景,设计制作了 1/10缩尺模型,完成了 10组不同工况下的卧式加载试验,重点关注不同空洞赋存条件下隧道衬砌结构的力学性能.壁后空洞的存在,使得空洞附近的衬砌变形由内侧收敛变为外侧扩张,且随着空洞范围的扩...     

Polymer/bioactive glass nanocomposites for biomedical applications: A review

Nanoscale bioactive glasses have been gaining attention due to their reported superior osteoconductivity when compared to conventional (micron-sized) bioactive glass materials. The combination of bioactive glass nanoparticles or nanofibers with polymeric systems enables the production of nanocomposites with potential to be used in a series of orthopedic applications, including scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This review presents the state of art of the preparation of nanoscale bioactive glasses and corresponding composites with biocompatible polymers. The recent developments in the preparation methods of nano-sized bioactive glasses are reviewed, covering sol–gel routes, microemulsion techniques, gas phase synthesis method (flame spray synthesis), laser spinning, and electro-spinning. Then, examples of the preparation and properties of nanocomposites based on such inorganic bionanomaterials are presented, obtained using various polymer matrices, including polyesters such as poly(hydroxybutyrate), poly(lactic acid) and poly(caprolactone), and natural-based polymers such as polysaccharides (starch, chitin, chitosan) or proteins (silk fibroin, collagen). The physico-chemical, mechanical, and biological advantages of incorporating nanoscale bioactive glasses in such biodegradable nanocomposites are discussed and the possibilities to expand the use of these materials in other nanotechnology concepts aimed to be used in different biomedical applications are also highlighted.     

FR-4覆铜板产品次表面气泡成因探讨

文章简要介绍了FR-4覆铜板次表面缺陷——气泡的危害性,通过系统分析及实验验证,总结出产生FR-4覆铜板产品次表面气泡的主要原因,并提出改善措施。     

同板动弯沉差脱空判别方法和标准

针对目前脱空判别方法在实际工程应用中的不足,为了准确定量地判定水泥板底脱空,提出了采用同板板边中点—板中弯沉差和板角—板中弯沉差为判别指标的脱空判定方法。采用ANSYS有限元法建立了板边脱空和板角脱空三维模型,模拟FWD加载效果,计算了在不同脱空深度、脱空面积和传荷能力下的板边中点、板中、板角弯沉值,得出了板边、板角与板中的弯沉差范围;以烟威高速公路为依托,对FWD弯沉检测数据进行统计分析,参考理论计算和钻芯取样结果,给出了同板弯沉差判别标准和传荷能力修正系数,并通过试验路验证了所提标准的可行性,结果表明:ANSYS有限元理论模拟值符合工程实际,所提标准板边弯沉差的准确度为88.5%,板角弯沉差的准确度为84.6%。该方法是在同一条件下进行分析评定,消除了大部分弯沉影响因素引起的变异性,可以分级评定脱空严重程度,更好地指导水泥路面养护维修。     

Modeling the effect of immobilization of microorganisms on the rate of biodegradation of phenol under inhibitory conditions

The main objective of this research is to model the effect of biodegradation process of phenol at high initial concentrations using a well known immobilization technique of the biomass. This work focused on testing the effect of activated carbon and clay while considering the diffusive internal mass transfer limitations. Biodegradation of phenol was performed by using enriched microorganisms from a compost of agricultural wastes. The average phenol biodegradation rate (uptake) of free biomass system was 235.3 mg g⁻¹ h⁻¹ at initial concentration range of 212-260 mg/L. However, the values for the systems of immobilized biomass in alginate and activated carbon (1 mm), alginate, activated carbon (4 mm), alginate, activated carbon and clay (1 mm) and alginate, activated carbon and clay (4 mm) were 64.9, 27.6, 27.5, and 8 mg g⁻¹ h⁻¹ respectively. The effective diffusion factors in different matrix were obtained using an intra-particle diffusion-based mathematical model. Diffusion limitation was observed when the matrix contained clay in addition to activated carbon. The diffusion coefficient was decreased from 1.6 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ cm²/s when clay was added to the matrix of 1 mm of alginate and activated carbon. Also, slight differences between the diffusion factors were observed for larger beads. The combination of clay and AC contributes to better mineralization of phenol at high concentrations. This could be attributed to the synergism of both additives.