基于MRPⅡ的库存控制模型研究

结合数理统计的方法提出了一种基于MRPⅠ的库存控制模型,它既能运用MRPⅡ的主生产计划和物料清单文件来产生最终物料的数量和提前期,又能利用数理统计的方法来确定最合理的订购批量和订购时间。实践证明,本模型既能有效地降低库存资金的占用,又能提高库存管理水平,具有很强的现实指导意义。     

化工EPC项目采购集中管理浅析

EPC总承包模式是当前国内外普遍采用的工程总承包模式,与传统建设模式相比较,该模式具有节省投资成本、优化管理和全过程控制的特点。在EPC项目中,采购集中管理处于举足轻重的地位,对整个工程的进度、质量和成本都有着直接影响。阐述了EPC项目采购集中管理的主要内容,明确了实施采购的工作程序,提出了实施采购集中管理应注意的要点。     

项目总承包模式

项目总承包就是“交钥匙”工程承包,是一种重要的承发包模式,是为了解决设计与施工分离的矛盾而产生的一种新模式,应用得好可以在很大程度上缩短工期、节约投资,而且对设计单位和施工单位都有利,因此在欧美国家占有10％～15％的市场。这种模式的技术关键,一是如何进行招标以及进行投标、评标,二是如何进行项目的目标控制即投资控制、进度控制和质量控制。项目总承包的招标一般采取功能招标方法,功能招标的关键是功能描述书的质量。项目总承包单位的组织也有多种形式。文章对我国项目总承包的问题进行了总结分析,并提出了建议。     

通信工程采购的监督体系探索与研究

通信工程采购环节是通信工程建设领域风险较大的环节之一,企业迫切需要将通信工程采购的监督体系构建得更加完整。结合工作实际,分析了通信工程采购中的主要风险点,提出了通信工程采购监督中存在的困难,基于廉洁风险防控的理论模型研究了通信工程采购的过程监督和风险防控机制。     

Should competing original equipment manufacturers outsource procurement activities under asymmetric cost information?

This paper considers a supply chain in which two competing heterogeneous original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) outsource production to a common contract manufacturer (CM) that possesses private cost information. Along with production outsourcing, the OEMs can either purchase components by themselves and only assign the production tasks to the CM (Consignment), or delegate both the procurement and production tasks to the CM (Turnkey). The main question we address is whether the OEMs should adopt Consignment or Turnkey. To answer this question, we first analyse the OEMs’ optimal mechanism design problems under three scenarios: both OEMs adopt Consignment strategy; both OEMs adopt Turnkey strategy; one OEM adopts Consignment and the other one adopts Turnkey. Building upon the OEMs’ equilibrium decisions under each scenario, we then characterise the equilibrium outcome for the procurement game. The results show that the CM’s procurement cost distribution and the market size play critical roles in the equilibrium outcome. Additionally, we find that both the competition intensity and cost heterogeneity between the OEMs affect the equilibrium outcome.     

Downtime variability: the impact of duration–frequency on the performance of serial production systems

It is intuitively appealing to measure downtime in terms of total time lost (i.e. frequency times duration). However, the same total downtime can be produced by an infinite number of frequency/duration combinations. This study reports the findings of a computer simulation study on the impact of varying combinations of downtime frequency/duration pairs on performance of serial production systems. The research reported here clearly shows that different downtime frequency/duration combinations affect serial production lines differently even when the total downtime remains equal. Analysis suggests that long duration, infrequently occurring variation has a much more negative impact on system performance than short duration, frequently occurring variation.     

Algorithms for the design of a multi-stage adaptive kanban system

The traditional kanban system with a fixed number of cards does not work satisfactorily in an unstable environment. With the adaptive kanban-type pull control mechanism, the number of kanbans is allowed to change with respect to the inventory and backorder level. It is required to set the threshold values at which cards are added or deleted, which is part of the design. Previous studies used local search and meta-heuristic methods to design an adaptive kanban system for a single stage. In a multi-stage system the cards are circulated within the stage and their presence at designated positions signals to the neighbouring stages details concerning the inventory. In this work, a model of a multi-stage system adapted from a traditional and adaptive kanban system is developed. A genetic and simulated annealing algorithm based search is employed to set the parameters of the system. The results are compared with a traditional kanban system and signs of improvement are found. The numerical results also indicate that the use of a simulated annealing algorithm produces a better solution.     

内外资超市食品安全控制行为差异研究——基于采购与销售环节

通过网络资料搜集与文献阅读的方式,从采购与销售环节对我国内外资超市农产品安全控制措施差异进行比较。结果表明,内资超市对农产品源头采购中生产环节的控制程度及农产品销售环节的监管效率明显低于外资超市。针对内外资超市食品安全控制行为的差异,结合农产品质量管理的关键控制点,本文认为,超市应该通过规范采购标准、直接参与农户生产活动、营造和谐零供关系、积极推进可追溯平台及第三方监督机制建设等,提高农产品安全性。     

政府采购信息化建设的现状和思考

政府采购信息化建设对于推动政府采购的发展具有十分重要的意义,电子化采购是政府采购的新趋势,本文从几个方面提出了推行政府采购信息化的重要性,并对现阶段存在的问题进行分析,提出了一些合理的解决办法。     

Book Reviews

Recent research into the UK construction industry has identified various drivers for change and prominent among these is the need for better client leadership. The aim of this research was to examine the role of the client in securing a greater degree of supply chain integration. It used three diverse case studies to examine the association between clients, the environmental factors that affect their businesses, the procurement decisions made and the level of supply chain integration that can be achieved. The results of this research provide independent empirical support for some of the recommendations of the recently released Accelerating Change report and some practical amplification. Clients are shown to be key drivers of performance improvement and innovation and are the most significant factor in achieving integration in the supply chain.