Comparative study on physicochemical and functional properties of egg powders from Japanese quail and white Leghorn chicken

Physicochemical and functional properties of freeze-dried egg powders (egg white, egg yolk, and whole egg) from Japanese quail and white Leghorn chicken were studied comparatively. All egg powders had protein content in the range of 91.13–97.03 g/100 g powder. The quail egg powder had higher mineral and essential amino acid contents, but lower fat content as compared to chicken egg powders (P < 0.05). Moreover, egg white powder from both quail and chicken presented higher total amino acids content than corresponding whole egg and egg yolk powders, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study revealed that β-sheet is the major secondary structure of all egg powders. Based on differential scanning calorimetry analysis, quail egg powders showed slightly lower denaturation temperatures than corresponding chicken egg powders (P < 0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis study showed the slight difference in protein patterns of corresponding quail and chicken egg powders. The quail egg powders presented higher protein solubility than corresponding chicken egg powders at all pH tested. Furthermore, quail egg powders exhibited higher emulsion activity index and emulsion stability index with higher foam expansion and stability than the corresponding chicken egg powders. Therefore, Japanese quail egg powders could be used as an alternative to white Leghorn chicken egg in the preparation of foods and diets that require high protein content with positive health benefits.     

绢丝标准的比较和探讨

从标准的内容、方法、水平等方面,与意大利、日本绢丝标准进行参照对比。分析认为,意方标准的技术指标最趋完善;日本标准的分等方法比较科学合理。故均在一定程度上代表了国际先进水平。我国标准简练、紧凑,但覆盖面较窄;就技术指标水平而言,除疵点指标外,其余指标均已达到或接近国外先进水平。     

区域空间规划生态分级保护研究 ——以华蓥山东麓为例

生态分级保护是空间规划中重要支 撑性内容,是全面协调生态保护与开发利用 关系,实现各类空间差异化管控,促进区域 可持续发展的重要途径。本文以华蓥山东麓 为例,通过生态功能重要性和生态敏感性评 价,同时结合景观生态安全格局进行分析, 构建生态保护分级指数模型,按保护程度由 高至低将研究区划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级。其 中,I级保护区为基本生态控制区,实行严格 的生态保护制度;II级保护区为生态缓冲区, 实行生态修复与城乡建设、产业发展负面清 单管理制度;III级保护区为农业生态区,加 强农业生态环境保护,建立健全绿色生态农 业导向机制;IV级保护区主要为城镇村庄生 态区,加强城乡居民点环境保护,推进人居 环境建设。研究结果可为华蓥山东麓生态修 复保护总体规划提供借鉴,对华蓥山自然保 护区与城镇建设区之间生态过渡地带的精细 化、精准化、差别化管理具有重要意义。     

福建省4个果梅主栽品种果实营养品质、 香气成分分析与评价

以福建省4个果梅主栽品种青竹梅、龙眼梅、杭梅和白粉梅为试材,分析测定果实的主要性状和营养成分,包括单果质量、果实大小、VC、总酚、类黄酮、可溶性糖、有机酸、香气组分以及矿质元素含量.结果表明,4个果梅品种VC、总酚、类黄酮、可溶性糖、有机酸、香气组分以及矿质元素含量存在显著差异.果梅主要可溶性糖为蔗糖,其次为葡萄糖和果...     

Cloning and some properties of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) polyphenol oxidase,and changes in browning potential during fruit maturation

A PCR‐amplified genomic DNA fragment encoding Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was cloned and sequenced. The DNA appears to encode a 66 kDa precursor protein consisting of a 56 kDa mature protein and a 9.5 kDa N‐terminal transit peptide. The amino acid sequence showed high homology with apple PPO. The PPO mainly existed as a soluble fraction in cells and was limitedly proteolysed, while the mature form (56 kDa) was detected in plastids. Immature fruits showing high browning potential had high PPO activity and a high level of phenolics, while mature fruits showing little browning had high PPO activity but a low level of phenolics. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mumefural and related HMF derivatives from Japanese apricot fruit juice concentrate show multiple inhibitory effects on pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus

Fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) has been shown to be effective against influenza A infection in MDCK cells. In this study, we isolated five components from the fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-formylfuran (HMF), 1-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (mumefural, MF), 2-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (MF‘), 1-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]hydrogen 1-hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate (MA1) and 2-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]hydrogen 1-hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate (MA2), and investigated their inhibitory activities against the novel influenza A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1) pandemic virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase functions, which are essential for viral attachment and budding, respectively. An hemagglutination inhibition assay indicated that MF and MF‘ were effective at minimum hemagglutination concentrations of 3.1 and 6.3 mM, respectively. An inhibition study for sialidase activity of the neuraminidase spike showed that MF was the most active anti-sialidase compound with an IC₅₀ value of 0.21 ± 0.01 mM, followed by MA2 (IC₅₀, 0.71 ± 0.09 mM), MA1 (IC₅₀, 1.64 ± 0.31 mM) and MF‘(IC₅₀, 1.62 ± 0.22 mM). Furthermore, MF was shown to inhibit the growth of the pandemic virus in a dose-dependent manner (62 ± 3% inhibition at 5 mM). The results suggest that MF, a citric acid ester linked to HMF at the 1-position of the propane backbone, might be a lead compound for the development of anti-influenza A inhibitors.     

基于袖窿深与胸围数学关系式确定的袖山高

袖窿深与胸围数学关系式的建立有助于从量化角度研究日本文化女装新原型袖窿深,从而得出袖山高,简化了服装CAD软件绘图步骤,可提高服装制版效率。以袖窿深为研究对象,运用日本文化女装新原型的结构设计原理,以及数学与几何学的相关知识,借助服装CAD软件ET2007和Excel、MatLab等应用软件,探索性地建立了日本文化女装新原型袖窿深与胸围的数学关系式,继而可直接得出袖山高的数据,且与日本文化女装新原型“从衣身上出袖子”方法确定的数值具有很大的耦合度。     

Changes in textural properties of Japanese tenobe somen noodles during storage

Tenobe somen (TS) noodles are traditional Japanese wheat-based noodles that are produced manually using a sophisticated method called tenobe (literally, "hand stretched"). In the tension test, both the tensile strength and extensibility of TS noodles were greater than those of machine-made (MS) noodles. In the biting test, the chewy texture of TS noodles was realized in the analysis of the force-deformation curves of each type of somen noodles. The creep test indicated a clear difference between the external and internal elasticity of TS noodles. The texture of TS noodles appeared to change dramatically during storage in the rainy season. In addition, firm and chewy textures of TS noodles stored for 20 mo were observed. Similar to the results from our previous study, TS noodles exhibited significantly higher dityrosine content than the flour used for their manufacture. However, the increase in the dityrosine content during the manufacturing process was not observed in the case of MS noodles. Although clear textural differences were observed between TS noodles stored for 0 and 20 mo, the dityrosine contents of TS noodles at each stage were not largely different.     

地理设计简述：概念、框架及实例

简要地介绍了地理设计的概念、框架并列举了一个实际的应用实例。首先追溯了地理设计的历史渊源,其后讲解了它的关键概念。地理设计并非是一个新的学科,而是一种新的理念,并在技术上借助地理信息系统、整合并协调诸如城市规划、风景园林、建筑设计等传统学科的一种集成的努力。地理设计为改善甚至拯救环境提供了一个有力的手段。以地理位置为基础的规划设计是地理设计的基础。讲解了地理设计框架的核心内容,即四方参与及六大过程往复循环发展,引用了一个运用地理设计原理在城市规划方面的应用的近期实例。     

Using Landscape Characteristics for Targeting Habitat Conservation and Restoration: A case study of ancient semi-natural woodland in the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty,UK

Ancient semi-natural deciduous woodland is a rare and threatened habitat cited by the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). Current protection of this endangered habitat in the UK takes the form of site-specific reserve designations but, if the habitat is to be conserved and enhanced, a landscape-scale selective targeting system is required. In the absence of suitable species data, physical attributes of habitat patches are used as surrogate indicators of biodiversity. Using a land-use database held on a geographical information system, values of four abiotic criteria (patch area, patch shape, nearest-neighbour distance and surrounding land use) of 48 ancient semi-natural woodland patches in part of the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty were calculated. In order to validate the findings, three lists of floral and faunal species, indicative of ancient semi-natural woodland, were compiled, and the patches ranked according to their alpha diversity using each list. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated for patch alpha diversity and patch area (0.322 to 0.482), patch shape (0.275 to 0.465) and nearest-neighbour distance ( - 0.092 to - 0.223). Multiple regression indicated that between 15 and 22% of the variation in alpha patch diversity was explained by the abiotic factors. It is suggested that spatial targeting at the landscape scale is a valuable approach to habitat conservation.