Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗的接种反应及免疫效果观察

目的观察Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗的接种反应及免疫效果。方法选择乙脑低发区黑龙江省肇源县8月龄～10岁常住健康儿童为观察对象,按照免疫程序分别接种辽宁成大生物股份有限公司生产的Vero细胞乙脑灭活疫苗(A组∶水针剂型;B组:冻干剂型)和市售乙脑灭活疫苗(对照组),观察接种后的不良反应,并采用蚀斑减少中和试验(PRNT)法检测血清乙脑中和抗体。结果A、B组疫苗的总不良反应率为2.81%,对照组为6.63%,3组均未出现严重不良反应,发热反应以轻度为主,局部不良反应较轻微,72h后全部消失。免疫后血清中和抗体阳转率A组为93.3%,B组为90.4%,对照组为81.8%;GMTA组为1∶24.0,B组为1∶21.8,对照组为1∶15.4。A组、B组的中和抗体阳转率和GMT均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义,3组之间中和抗体滴度的分布差异无统计学意义。结论辽宁成大生物股份有限公司生产的Vero细胞乙脑灭活疫苗不良反应率低,免疫效果良好。     

乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗诱导小鼠的细胞免疫应答

目的探讨乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)减毒活疫苗在小鼠中诱导细胞免疫应答的能力,评价疫苗的免疫原性。方法以乙脑减毒活疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备小鼠脾淋巴细胞,在体外以重组蛋白NS3-1和NS3-2进行刺激,采用酶联斑点法(ELISPOT)检测分泌细胞因子的效应T细胞的频数。结果乙脑减毒活疫苗免疫小鼠的脾淋巴细胞在体外经重组蛋白NS3-1和NS3-2刺激后,可诱导高频数的分泌IFNγ的CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞及低频数的分泌IL-4的淋巴细胞;而乙脑灭活疫苗仅诱导低频数的分泌IFNγ和IL-4的T淋巴细胞。结论乙脑减毒活疫苗可在小鼠中有效地诱导NS3-1和NS3-2抗原特异性T淋巴细胞应答,且应答水平显著高于乙脑灭活疫苗。     

论日本陶瓷艺术中传统文化的体现

从传统日本文化的角度探讨了日本陶瓷艺术的发展与特点,指出日本陶瓷艺术的文化背景及审美理念。重点分析了"日本民族性格"、"崇尚自然"、"和洋融合"等日本传统文化精神对陶瓷艺术的影响,由此展现了日本陶艺所具有的多元文化复合的面貌。     

从中国陶瓷看日本陶瓷的工艺特点

日本陶瓷传统、悠久,在其学习中国陶瓷之后迅速吸收转化,时至今日,日本瓷器具有了自己的鲜明特点。本文试从中国瓷器特点出发,从陶瓷工艺的造型、装饰以及手工制作的角度分析日本陶艺较之中国突出的特点。     

Human DDX3X Unwinds Japanese Encephalitis and Zika Viral 5′ Terminal Regions

Flavivirus genus includes many deadly viruses such as the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). The 5′ terminal regions (TR) of flaviviruses interact with human proteins and such interactions are critical for viral replication. One of the human proteins identified to interact with the 5′ TR of JEV is the DEAD-box helicase, DDX3X. In this study, we in vitro transcribed the 5′ TR of JEV and demonstrated its direct interaction with recombinant DDX3X (K_d of 1.66 ± 0.21 µM) using microscale thermophoresis (MST). Due to the proposed structural similarities of 5′ and 3′ TRs of flaviviruses, we investigated if the ZIKV 5′ TR could also interact with human DDX3X. Our MST studies suggested that DDX3X recognizes ZIKV 5′ TR with a K_d of 7.05 ± 0.75 µM. Next, we performed helicase assays that suggested that the binding of DDX3X leads to the unwinding of JEV and ZIKV 5′ TRs. Overall, our data indicate, for the first time, that DDX3X can directly bind and unwind in vitro transcribed flaviviral TRs. In summary, our work indicates that DDX3X could be further explored as a therapeutic target to inhibit Flaviviral replication     

篮式生物反应器制备Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗

目的建立篮式生物反应器制备Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗的工艺。方法利用7.5L篮式生物反应器和片状载体培养Vero细胞,接种乙型脑炎病毒P3V2株毒种,根据葡萄糖的消耗量,分析细胞的生长情况及调节病毒培养时的灌流速度,每24h取样,检测病毒滴度。收获的病毒液经纯化后,制备乙脑灭活疫苗,检测各项指标。结果Vero细胞培养至96h,葡萄糖消耗量达高峰,细胞密度达峰值;接种病毒后72h,葡萄糖消耗量达高峰,灌流量为7L/d,连续收获7～9d,共可收获(40±5)L病毒液;96h病毒滴度达高峰,为10.0LgLD50/ml;制备的乙型脑炎灭活疫苗各项指标均达到《中国药典》三部(2005版)要求。结论已建立了篮式生物反应器制备Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗的工艺。     

Change in the Status of Water in Japanese Noodles During and After Boiling Observed by NMR Micro Imaging

ABSTRACT: A correlation between moisture content (M, g water/ g dry matter) and transverse relaxation time ( T ₂) of water protons in standard wheat gel samples was established by NMR. Changes in moisture distribution in Japanese noodles were estimated from T ₂ of water protons obtained by NMR micro imaging using the correlation. Penetration of water from the surface to the core during boiling and homogenization of moisture content after boiling were clearly observed in the MR images and moisture profile. A local minimum of T ₂ of water protons was detected in the moisture profile of noodles boiled in tap water.     

Measurements, analyses and evaluation of residential PV systems by Japanese monitoring program

This paper is about measurements, analyses and evaluation of residential PV systems in the Japanese Monitoring Program, on which JQA was subsidized by NEDO (New Energy Development and Industrial Technology Organization) that is currently proceeding [NSS R&D] from FY1997 to FY 2000.The aim of this investigation refers, through the data evaluation and analyses, to obtain knowledge required for optimizing design of PV systems, such as system performance, characteristics and regional dependency under practical operation and to develop the system evaluation technology on the design parameter method.     

Using visual assessment as a foundation for greenway planning in the St. Lawrence River Valley

The growth of the ‘greenway’ as a fundamental planning concept has provided guidance for many communities locally and around the world. In the St. Lawrence River Valley, the idea is providing a common physical and cultural reference for the management of landscapes in communities along a 100 mile international corridor. Over the past 10 years, the College of Environmental Science and Forestry of the State University of New York has worked with the St. Lawrence-Eastern Ontario Commission to examine the unique visual and scenic resources of the region as the foundation for establishing a greenway tracing the St. Lawrence River. Although the idea of a greenway in the St. Lawrence River Valley is not new or unusual, the inventory and assessment of visual or scenic linear resources as a foundation is a departure from typical practice, and an experiment in defensible and rational planning. As a major summer tourism destination, the region is well aware of the critical value of its scenic resources. In our effort to identify and assess various vital resources for planning, we found an indicator in the visual nature of the landscape—both as a resource in and of itself, and as a reflection of the underlying values held by local communities for natural and cultural resources. This paper describes, as a case study, the process used to identify and assess visual and scenic resources in the region, and the use of the resulting database to initiate delineation of the proposed greenway. A discussion of the rationale and significance of the method is presented, including comments on the direction and progress in the region today.     

Pan-European landscapes

As a supplement to the western European typology from Landscape and Urban Planning, 18 (3–4): 289–352 (Meeus et al., 1990), a survey is made of the landscapes of northern and eastern Europe. Thirty landscapes are identified on a continental scale. This pan-European landscape typology is based on the integration of landscape formation factors. The basis for a regionally differentiated geography, morphology and scenery of the man-made landscape is provided by land form, soil and climate on the one hand and regional culture, habits and history on the other. This typology can be used as a reference for a discussion about the actual appearance of the landscape. The map of European landscapes is only a reconnaissance and is therefore not intended as a blueprint for action, but rather as a way of looking at landscape heterogeneity, a set of principles to stimulate the discussion of landscape development throughout the continent.