复分解四步循环法制取硫酸钾新工艺

介绍了制取硫酸钾的一种新工艺－－复分解四步循环法，即氯化钾与硫酸铵反应生成硫酸钾铵与氯化铵钾，硫酸钾铵再与氯化钾溶液反应生成硫酸钾，氯化铵钾再与硫酸铵溶液反应生成氯化铵。整个工艺全封闭循环生产，产品硫酸钾K2O质量分数≥50％，钾收率达92％。     

Effects of urea fertigation of apple trees on soil pH,exchangeable cations and extractable manganese in a sandy loam soil in New Zealand

Changes in soil pH, exchangeable aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) and extractable manganese (Mn) were investigated after urea fertigation of a sandy loam soil in an apple orchard in New Zealand. Urea at three rates (0, 25, 50 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1 or 0, 16.9, 33.8 g N emitter^–1 yr^–1) was applied in 4 equal fertigations. Soil cores at 4 profile depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm) directly below and 20 cm from the emitter were sampled approximately 4 weeks after each fertigation and in the following winter. Results obtained showed that the largest changes in soil pH and cations occurred in soils directly below the emitter in the 50 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1 treatment where the soil pH decreased by 1.6 pH units at all soil depths. The lowest pH of 4.3 was observed at a depth of 27 cm. Exchangeable Al and extractable Mn levels increased to 11 meq kg^–1 and 78µg g^–1 respectively. Estimated losses of Ca, Mg and K from the upper soil profile depth (0–10 cm) represented 23, 63 and 27% of their respective total exchangeable levels. At lower profile depths (>20 cm), accumulation of displaced K was evident. Variable, and generally non-significant, chemical changes recorded in soils 20 cm from the emitter were attributed to restricted lateral water movement, and therefore urea movement, down the profile.The present study showed that one season of urea fertigation by trickle emitters, applied to a sandy loam, at half the rate conventionally applied to apple orchards (50 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1) resulted in pH and mineral element imbalances which were potentially and sufficiently severe to inhibit tree growth.     

Hydrolysis of human horny cells by alkaline protease: Morphological observation of the process

The interaction of highly purified alkaline protease fromBacillus sp. KSM-K16 with the horny cells of human skin contained in skin grime was directly visualized by electron microscopy. It became clear that the protease first penetrates the horny cells and then adsorbs, mainly onto the internal structure of the cells at the initial stage of hydrolysis, and directly hydrolyzes the keratin filaments, though the marginal band surrounding them retains its original shape. Then, hydrolysate produced from the keratin filaments flows out of the cell, and early in the hydrolysis process keratin filaments decrease and then disappear, leaving a marginal band, i.e., the cell turns to a hollow state. As a result, the remaining marginal band loses support from inside the cell, thus promoting cleavage and dispersion. Until this stage in the protease reaction, the remarkable liberation of hydrolysis products as water-soluble protein does not occur.     

Electrosynthèse des ions peroxodiphosphate sous potentiel constant ou pulsé

Electrosynthesis of peroxodiphosphate ions (P2O84–) was performed in 2m K3PO4, 1m K2HPO4 medium, using a platinum anode. The results showed that under conditions of potentiostatic polarization at constant potential, the reaction rate reaches a maximum value of 125mAcm–2 and a faradaic yield of 30%. From about 1.9V, the reaction kinetics are increasingly inhibited as the potential shifts positively. Rapid scanning potential voltammetry was used to characterize the oxidation state of the electrode surface. This method shows that the growth of (PtO) and (PtO2 or PtO3) oxides depend on the applied potential. It also establishes a correlation between the inhibition of P2O84– ion electrosynthesis and the oxide coating surface. When 2×10–3m KSCN is added to the solution, some oxygen evolution sites are selectively blocked and oxide occurs at more positive potential values. Consequently, the rate of peroxodiphosphate ion formation and the faradaic efficiency are increased to 380mAcm–2 and 75%, respectively. Under pulsed potential conditions it was possible to reach 1200mAcm–2 for P2O84– ion electrosynthesis with a faradaic yield of 82%.     

Lowland rice response to potassium fertilization and its effect on N and P uptake

Not much is known about the response of lowland rice to K fertilization under Brazilian conditions. A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive years to determine the response of three lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to K fertilization on a Low Humic Gley soil. In the first two years, K was broadcast at rates of 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg K ha^–1. In the last two years K rates were reduced to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg K ha^–1 and applied in a band. Potassium significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yields but the response varied from cultivar to cultivar and year to year. Yield responses to K fertilization were superimposed on a general trend of increasing grain yields across the four growing seasons. Mean grain yields increased 14.3% with broadcast application of K in the first two years and 10.4% with banded application of K in the last two years when compared to the control treatments. Extractable soil K increased with K application rate and decreased with soil depth. Potassium was rapidly removed from the soil and yearly broadcast or banded application of K can be expected to result in a significant increase in grain yield of lowland rice in these soils.     

以水玻璃和硫酸铝为原料合成T型沸石的研究

以工业水玻璃和硫酸铝为原料,于K2O-Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O体系中水热合成制得不同晶粒度的T型沸石.晶化温度在85～135℃可得到晶相纯的T型沸石;搅拌晶化能有效减小T型沸石的晶粒度,但搅拌速度在200～800 r/min内对晶粒大小的影响不明显;凝胶n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)在16～32可合成出结晶度高、晶相纯的T型沸石,但大于32时晶化产物中出现钙十字沸石杂晶;凝胶n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)改变对T型沸石产物硅铝比基本无影响.水玻璃合成体系晶化诱导期短.产物中n(K+)/n(Na+)比值远大于起始凝胶中两者的比值,这可能是由于钾离子在T型沸石晶化中起主要的结构导向作用.     

Noble-free potassium-bimetallic catalysts supported on beta-zeolite for the simultaneous removal of NOx and soot from simulated diesel exhaust

This paper deals with the activity of the KCu and KCo catalysts supported on beta-zeolite for the simultaneous NO_x/soot removal from a simulated diesel exhaust, containing C₃H₆ as model hydrocarbon. In order to reveal the effect of potassium, the corresponding monometallic catalysts (Co/beta and Cu/beta) were analyzed and different potassium loadings were used. In addition, for comparative purpose, the performance of a platinum based catalyst (Pt/beta) was studied. All noble-free catalysts show, at 450 °C, a high activity for the simultaneous NO_x/soot removal. Among them, K1Cu/beta presents the best global performance at 350 and 450 °C achieving a high soot consumption rate (comparable to platinum catalysts) and the highest NO_x reduction. In contrast to platinum catalysts, K1Cu/beta has the advantage that the main reaction products are N₂ and CO_2.     

一种基于稀疏表示的WLAN室内定位算法

随着科技进步和人民生活水平的提高,越来越多的用户对定位技术需求变得日益迫切。基于WLAN的室内定位技术研究在此背景下应运而生,但是该技术容易受非视距离以及多径影响。而位置指纹算法有效地克服了上述缺点,并得到了广泛应用。提出一种基于稀疏表示的WLAN室内定位算法,以解决位置指纹算法K近邻方法中参数选择问题、不能综合利用全局参考点信息问题,并对其进行了实验仿真。     

基于线性CCD的寻线智能车设计

本设计以第八届"飞思卡尔"杯全国大学生智能车竞赛为背景,提出了一种根据线性CCD采集图像引导直立小车循迹行驶的方案。本文介绍了这一方案的基本思想,所依据的物理原理,并重点介绍在双速度控制算法下对转向及障碍问题的优化处理,并根据方案实际制作了小车。实践证明该方案是可行的,并且效果较好。     

汉语语音文档检索中后验概率的索引方法

基于音节Lattice形式的语音识别结果来实现汉语语音文档检索,不但可以成功规避词表外词问题,而且Lattice这种多候选形式也能有效补偿识别错误对检索性能的影响.在基于音节Lattice的汉语语音文档检索研究中,针对已有索引方法的不足,提出了一种基于后验概率的索引方法,对向量空间模型进行改进,以音节和K步邻接音节对作为索引项,以它们在语音文档中的后验概率值作为索引项权重.检索实验表明,文中的方法更适用于基于音节Lattice的语音文档检索任务,各项改进都达到了预期效果.