液化天然气冷能回收混合动力循环参数分析

提出了以氨水为工质的朗肯循环、燃气动力循环和液化天然气循环组成的混合动力循环系统,用于液化天然气冷能回收。建立了混合动力循环中换热和动力设备的能量平衡方程和可用能平衡方程,并以朗肯循环冷凝温度、朗肯循环透平进出口压力、液化天然气循环透平进出口压力为关键参数,分析了上述关键参数对混合动力循环热效率和可用能效率的影响。分析结果表明,混合动力循环热效率和可用能效率随朗肯循环冷凝温度升高、朗肯循环透平进口压力和液化天然气循环透平进口压力增大而提高,随朗肯循环透平出口压力和液化天然气循环透平出口压力增大而降低。     

LNG气化站的技术安全要素

简要介绍、分析了LNG的特性和潜在危险性及LNG气化站的典型工艺流程,从工艺原理的角度对LNG气化站的技术安全要素作了详细的分析阐述,提出并论证了深入了解工艺原理是理清和掌握LNG气化站技术安全要素的切入点与关键环节的观点。     

LNG接收站低温控制阀的选型设计

低温控制阀是LNG接收站操作控制中的主要执行单元,控制阀的正确选型是保证阀门正常运行及工艺操作的关键环节。该文具体分析了LNG接收站低温控制阀的选型设计要点,包括阀门类型、材料选择、特殊设计、口径选择、执行机构、低温试验等。     

用于燃气调峰和轻烃回收的管道天然气液化流程

管道天然气的长途输送一般都采用高压管输的方式，高压天然气经各地的调压站降压后才能供应给普通用户使用，调压过程中会有大量的压力能损失。为解决城市燃气用户特有的用气不均匀性问题，介绍了一种利用高压天然气调压过程的压力能膨胀制冷的管道天然气液化流程。应用该流程可以将管道里的一部分天然气液化制成LNG并储存起来，在用气高峰时将储存的LNG再汽化以增加供气量，满足下游用户的需求。这样能够增强燃气企业的“调峰”能力，有利于天然气管网的平稳运行。同时，利用该流程还可以回收天然气中的轻烃资源，为石化工业提供优质的化工原料。     

大型LNG地上全容储罐的冷却技术研究

大型常压LNG储罐是LNG接收站中极其重要的单元设备,占有很高的投资比例,其正式启用时对调试工作的技术要求较高,而LNG储罐调试工作最关键和最危险的环节就是冷却。为此,详细介绍了国内LNG接收站常用16×104 m3 常压LNG储罐的冷却过程,分析了LNG储罐冷却前应具备的条件及注意事项,讨论了LNG储罐冷却过程中的压力控制、冷却介质（LNG）供应及流量控制、冷却过程的监控及冷却速率控制等调试技术,指出了冷却过程容易出现管线位移过大、法兰泄漏等问题,并给出了相应解决方法。研究成果对国内其他LNG项目具有借鉴意义。     

shang LNG液化工艺

LNG是当今世界上最安全、适合长距离运输并可直接利用的最清洁能源。在LNG的液化过程中,天然气中的水、惰性气体、C5等烃类基本被脱去,燃烧时温室气体排放量低,被公认为是未来世界普遍采用的燃料。迄今已成熟的天然气液化工艺有:节流制冷循环、膨胀机制冷循环、级联式制冷循环、混合冷剂制冷循环和带预冷的混合冷剂制冷循环。按制冷方式主要分为:级联式液化流程;混合制冷剂液化流程;带膨胀机的液化流程。本文简要介绍了液化天然气的这三种主要液化流程,对比了三种流程的优缺点及适用范围,展望了我国LNG液化工业的发展前景。     

基于FLUENT计算的LNG真空管道泄漏安全分析

LNG （液化天然气Liquefied Natural Gas）具有低温特性,在LNG站内常用真空管道以减少LNG的气化损耗。真空管道的真空度是保证管道绝热的重要因素,一旦LNG管道发生泄漏、真空丧失,管道的绝热性能降低,LNG受热大量气化将造成火灾、爆炸等安全隐患。传统的判断往往利用经验观察或通过现场数据及公式计算对LNG管道泄漏做出判断,具有局限性。本文利用FLUENT数值模拟软件,将LNG管道转化为数学模型,对LNG管道泄漏的温度场进行模拟,分析出真空丧失后管道热量分布,研究管道泄漏后热量变化规律,识别出管道重点危险部位,能科学发现问题,对事故预防、控制具有重要的现实意义,同时为LNG站内的科学管理提供理论依据。     

Numerical investigation of supercritical LNG convective heat transfer in a horizontal serpentine tube

The submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) is indispensable general equipment for liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminals. In this paper, numerical simulation was conducted to get insight into the flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical LNG on the tube-side of SCV. The SST model with enhanced wall treatment method was utilized to handle the coupled wall-to-LNG heat transfer. The thermal–physical properties of LNG under supercritical pressure were used for this study. After the validation of model and method, the effects of mass flux, outer wall temperature and inlet pressure on the heat transfer behaviors were discussed in detail. Then the non-uniformity heat transfer mechanism of supercritical LNG and effect of natural convection due to buoyancy change in the tube was discussed based on the numerical results. Moreover, different flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the bend tube sections were also analyzed. The obtained numerical results showed that the local surface heat transfer coefficient attained its peak value when the bulk LNG temperature approached the so-called pseudo-critical temperature. Higher mass flux could eliminate the heat transfer deteriorations due to the increase of turbulent diffusion. An increase of outer wall temperature had a significant influence on diminishing heat transfer ability of LNG. The maximum surface heat transfer coefficient strongly depended on inlet pressure. Bend tube sections could enhance the heat transfer due to secondary flow phenomenon. Furthermore, based on the current simulation results, a new dimensionless, semi-theoretical empirical correlation was developed for supercritical LNG convective heat transfer in a horizontal serpentine tube. The paper provided the mechanism of heat transfer for the design of high-efficiency SCV.     

LNG储罐区防液堤的设计探讨

结合工程实例,探讨了LNG储罐区防液堤设计中有效容积和形状的确定、混凝土材料的选择和配置.针对提高防液堤的抗低温和耐高温性能,提出了建议.     

Steam reforming of liquefied natural gas (LNG) for hydrogen production over nickel–boron–alumina xerogel catalyst

A series of mesoporous nickel–boron–alumina xerogel (x-NBA) catalysts with different boron/nickel molar ratio (x = 0–1) were prepared by an epoxide-driven sol–gel method. The effect of boron/nickel molar ratio on the catalytic activities and physicochemical properties of nickel–boron–alumina xerogel catalysts was investigated in the steam reforming of liquefied natural gas (LNG). All the mesoporous x-NBA catalysts showed similar surface area. Introduction of boron increased interaction between nickel and support. In addition, introduction of boron into x-NBA catalysts reduced methane activation energy and increased nickel surface area. Promotion of boron had a positive effect on the catalytic activity due to the increase of adsorbed methane and nickel surface area. The amount of adsorbed methane and nickel surface area exhibited volcano-shaped trends with respect to boron/nickel molar ratio. LNG conversion and hydrogen yield increased with increasing the amount of adsorbed methane and with increasing nickel surface area. Among the catalysts, 0.3-NBA, which retained the largest amount of adsorbed methane and the highest nickel surface area, showed the best catalytic performance. It was also revealed that x-NBA catalysts showed strong coke resistance during the steam reforming reaction.