矿区土地复垦信息系统研究初探

土地复垦是一个复杂的系统工程。传统的工作方式和管理方式越来越不适应当前业务的需要。利用GIS建立矿区土地复垦信息系统,其目的在于制定合理的土地复垦规划方案和进行科学管理。首先介绍了GIS在土地复垦中的应用现状,阐述了基于GIS建立矿区土地复垦信息系统的必要性及系统所要实现的目标,然后提出了系统的主要功能,并给出了几个主要功能的应用模型及实现方法。该系统有助于提高土地复垦规划的效率和科学性,促进土地复垦的发展。     

矿山关闭及其生态环境恢复分析

矿山关闭及其生态环境恢复已成为我国的研究重点和难点，但其关闭的科学程序与相应措施还未得到深入研究。本文从矿山可持续发展角度，针对矿山关闭中存在的问题，本文根据国内外相关文献和我国矿山关闭现状情况．阐明矿山关闭及其生态环境恢复中存在矿企外部成本转嫁、产权配置效率低、缺少闭矿规划和忽视生态安全等的问题．在闭矿后合理发展生态农业是缓解经济衰竭的重要措施．并提出编制闭矿规划、调整产权关系、生态环境乡土化、加强矿区地质环境与生态环境的监测、发展特色旅游事业等相应建议。     

Deep soil water recharge response to precipitation in Mu Us Sandy Land of China

Soil water is the main form of water in desert areas, and its primary source is precipitation, which has a vital impact on the changes in soil moisture and plays an important role in deep soil water recharge (DSWR) in sandy areas. This study investigated the soil water response of mobile sand dunes to precipitation in a semi-arid sandy area of China. Precipitation and soil moisture sensors were used to simultaneously monitor the precipitation and the soil water content (SWC) dynamics of the upper 200-cm soil layer of mobile sand dunes located at the northeastern edge of the Mu Us Sandy Land of China in 2013. The data were used to analyze the characteristics of SWC, infiltration, and eventually DSWR. The results show that the accumulated precipitation (494 mm) from April 1 to November 1 of 2013 significantly influenced SWC at soil depths of 0–200 cm. When SWC in the upper 200-cm soil layer was relatively low (6.49%), the wetting front associated with 53.8 mm of accumulated precipitation could reach the 200-cm deep soil layer. When the SWC of the upper 200-cm soil layer was relatively high (10.22%), the wetting front associated with the 24.2 mm of accumulated precipitation could reach the upper 200-cm deep soil layer. Of the accumulated 494-mm precipitation in 2013, 103.2 mm of precipitation eventually became DSWR, accounting for 20.9% of the precipitation of that year. The annual soil moisture increase was 54.26 mm in 2013. Accurate calculation of DSWR will have important theoretical and practical significance for desert water resources assessment and ecological construction.     

应用级差地租原理 管好企业土地资产

建立独立工矿区的企业,都有一笔特殊的固定资本-土地资产．然而,土地资产不同于企业的其它资产,它不但不随时间的推移而逐渐折旧损失,反而因时间的推移而不断的增值．应用马克思关于级差地租原理,剖析了土地资产的增值性和引发增值的原困,论述了企业土地资产和级差地租II的关系,提出了在市场经济条件下企业应用级差地租原理管好用好土地资产的基本原则和具体方法。     

A bottom-up assessment and review of global bio-energy potentials to 2050

In this article, a model for estimating bioenergy production potentials in 2050, called the Quickscan model, is presented. In addition, a review of existing studies is carried out, using results from the Quickscan model as a starting point. The Quickscan model uses a bottom-up approach and its development is based on an evaluation of data and studies on relevant factors such as population growth, per capita food consumption and the efficiency of food production. Three types of biomass energy sources are included: dedicated bioenergy crops, agricultural and forestry residues and waste, and forest growth. The bioenergy potential in a region is limited by various factors, such as the demand for food, industrial roundwood, traditional woodfuel, and the need to maintain existing forests for the protection of biodiversity. Special attention is given to the technical potential to reduce the area of land needed for food production by increasing the efficiency of food production. Thus, only the surplus area of agricultural land is included as a source for bioenergy crop production. A reference scenario was composed to analyze the demand for food. Four levels of advancement of agricultural technology in the year 2050 were assumed that vary with respect to the efficiency of food production. Results indicated that the application of very efficient agricultural systems combined with the geographic optimization of land use patterns could reduce the area of land needed to cover the global food demand in 2050 by as much as 72% of the present area. A key factor was the area of land suitable for crop production, but that is presently used for permanent grazing. Another key factor is the efficiency of the production of animal products. The bioenergy potential on surplus agricultural land (i.e. land not needed for the production of food and feed) equaled 215–1272 EJ yr⁻¹, depending on the level of advancement of agricultural technology. The bulk of this potential is found in South America and Caribbean (47–221 EJ yr⁻¹), sub-Saharan Africa (31–317 EJ yr⁻¹) and the C.I.S. and Baltic States (45–199 EJ yr⁻¹). Also Oceania and North America had considerable potentials: 20–174 and 38–102 EJ yr⁻¹, respectively. However, realization of these (technical) potentials requires significant increases in the efficiency of food production, whereby the most robust potential is found in the C.I.S. and Baltic States and East Europe. Existing scenario studies indicated that such increases in productivity may be unrealistically high, although these studies generally excluded the impact of large scale bioenergy crop production. The global potential of bioenergy production from agricultural and forestry residues and wastes was calculated to be 76–96 EJ yr⁻¹ in the year 2050. The potential of bioenergy production from surplus forest growth (forest growth not required for the production of industrial roundwood and traditional woodfuel) was calculated to be 74 EJ yr⁻¹ in the year 2050.     

探索校园建筑的个性特征——福州第十一中学福新支路分校规划设计

通过发掘校园的地域文化和环境特征,提高土地空间的有效利用,探索新时期校园建筑的个性特征。     

新疆吉木萨尔县基本农田整治项目经济效益分析

结合新疆吉木萨尔县基本农田整治项目区的实际情况,采用盈亏分析法对整治项目进行了经济效益分析,结果:整治后新增耕地12.70 hm~2,项目区的年总纯收入提高465.71万元,静态投资收益率达到37.58%,经济效益较显著。     

A comparison of historical land-use change patterns and recommendations for flood plain developments in three delta regions in Southeast Asia

Historical land-cover changes in three delta regions in Southeast Asia are assessed by using selected Landsat images from 1990 to 2005. Potential inundation areas of the delta regions for different return periods are estimated by using digital elevation model data and extreme-value distribution of annual maximum river discharges. The results indicate significant changes of natural land cover within the potential inundation areas due to agricultural exploitation and industrialization. Implications for flood-mitigation policies are discussed. There is a clear need for sustainable land-use management strategies in all three areas.     

三峡库区城镇迁建规划的几个问题初探

三峡库区百上迁建城析址处于山区，其地形，地质情况复杂，城镇迁建设计必须顾及山地特点，因地制宜，依山就势，避免大挖大填，避免产生人为的不良地质问题，城镇道路 城镇的基本骨架，具有多种功能，涉及到城镇的建筑布局和总投资。     

基于GRACE重力数据反演黄河流域陆地水储量变化

基于GRACE重力卫星数据反演黄河流域2002-2013年陆地水储量变化,并通过GLDAS验证GRACE反演结果。在此基础上采用皮尔逊相关系数法进一步探究陆地水储量与降水、气温、蒸散和植被NDVI的关系。结果表明:基于GRACE数据能够较好地反演陆地水储量; 2002-2013年间黄河流域的水储量以0.56 cm/a的速度减少,且具有明显的季节特征,水储量在1-6月呈亏损状态,7-12月呈盈余状态;对黄河流域水储量变化与降水、气温、蒸散和NDVI进行滞后性分析,表明其与降水、蒸散、NDVI有两个月的滞后效应,与气温为3个月。