Using Landscape Characteristics for Targeting Habitat Conservation and Restoration: A case study of ancient semi-natural woodland in the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty,UK

Ancient semi-natural deciduous woodland is a rare and threatened habitat cited by the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). Current protection of this endangered habitat in the UK takes the form of site-specific reserve designations but, if the habitat is to be conserved and enhanced, a landscape-scale selective targeting system is required. In the absence of suitable species data, physical attributes of habitat patches are used as surrogate indicators of biodiversity. Using a land-use database held on a geographical information system, values of four abiotic criteria (patch area, patch shape, nearest-neighbour distance and surrounding land use) of 48 ancient semi-natural woodland patches in part of the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty were calculated. In order to validate the findings, three lists of floral and faunal species, indicative of ancient semi-natural woodland, were compiled, and the patches ranked according to their alpha diversity using each list. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated for patch alpha diversity and patch area (0.322 to 0.482), patch shape (0.275 to 0.465) and nearest-neighbour distance ( - 0.092 to - 0.223). Multiple regression indicated that between 15 and 22% of the variation in alpha patch diversity was explained by the abiotic factors. It is suggested that spatial targeting at the landscape scale is a valuable approach to habitat conservation.     

Charting the Potential of Landscape Urbanism in Dubai

Landscape Urbanism has been, to date, a theory emerging primarily from the Western world. This paper counters the Western focus by exploring the potential of Landscape Urbanism theory in Dubai. In a previous article published by the author, landscape architecture in Dubai has been identified as diverging from the tenets of the various charters of the International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA), having apparently scant regard for pressing ecological, social and cultural design issues. Landscape Urbanism in this paper is discussed with respect to its ability to bolster the practice of landscape architecture in Dubai in relation to these issues. The paper argues that a number of key facets of Landscape Urbanism appear difficult to reconcile with the ecological, social and cultural conditions of Dubai. Further to this, it tends to lack the tools by which landscape urbanists in Dubai could link theory with practice.     

Lawyering Landscapes: Lawyers as Constituents of Landscape

Landscape and law cross-influence each other. Legal rules shape landscapes, while landscapes shape the culture from which rules emerge. In describing this interplay, landscape can seem passive, as a canvas on which laws paint visions of society; or active, as a matrix for the creation of law and culture. An alternative view is suggested: landscapes are opportunities for action, fields within which individuals interact with context in a mutually adaptive relationship. Lawyers are specialized constituents of this adaptation. Lawyers' acts and practices help to constitute the adaptations that shape a given landscape. A teaching module in which it was sought to prompt law students to become aware of the adaptive role of lawyering in landscape is described. The results suggest useful theoretical and methodological insights into landscape as a field of human activity, and the need for further study of lawyering as a force in the construction of landscape.     

Ecological Landscape Planning: A gaming approach in education

An understanding of the complex problems of land-use competition requires an appreciation of natural processes, cultural values, economic imperatives and political agendas. This integrated understanding is an important component of the study programme for higher education students seeking a professional qualification in landscape architecture. A repertoire of game templates is introduced as an initial step in formulating a conceptual framework for the curriculum/games designer to explore the potential of play in ecological landscape planning. The concepts of social action space, permissible action space and motivational action space are used to investigate the qualities of each template for further game design development. The abstraction of these concepts may assist the designer to move beyond the usability of games into viewing their value as a learning method.     

风景区及其边缘城镇统筹发展研究——以重庆统景为例

立足资源、面向市场、强化差异性竞争成为中国西部城镇重要发展途径.风景区边缘城镇由于毗邻稀缺的风景名胜资源的区位优势,迫切希望依托风景区带动地方全面发展,事实上却存在开发与保护冲突、景镇建设脱节的现象,其核心矛盾在于景区与城镇定位不明、资源配置不利、产业发展脱节.基于可持续发展理念提出景镇统筹发展思路,其核心包括生态环境保护优先、产业经济统筹发展、空间景观整体塑造、社会生活和谐共荣.最后以重庆统景规划为例,构建以空间、风貌、旅游、地产四大板块为基础的景镇统筹发展整体框架,实现生态安全保障、经济高度发展、三大效益高度统一的发展目标.     

情·景·意境——川音嘉苑艺术家社区景观设计实践

本文论述了作者对川音嘉苑（四川音乐学院教职工住宅小区）艺术家居住社区的景观设计实践。设计者力图通过艺术语言的符号化,来营造具有独特艺术家气质的景观环境,由情生景,由景入意的环境景观营造手法。     

2006沈阳世界园艺博览会国内展园特色分析

通过简要分析2006沈阳世界园艺博览会国内展园具有主题突出,特色分明;创意新颖,手法多样;景观有序,布局合理;造园要素,运用得体;环境小品,丰富庭院;造园新材,得到检验等特点,提出沈阳世界园艺博览会在继承传统造园手法的同时,有创新之处.     

素朴瑰丽的加州州花自然保护地的规划与管理原则

加利福尼亚州花被称为花菱草。介绍了位于美国加利福尼亚南部羚羊谷的加州州花自然保护地的花菱草景观、游步小径、游客中心以及规划设计和管理情况。     

Spatial planning for landscape: mapping the pitfalls

While welcoming the European Landscape Convention and acknowledging the successes of conservation organizations such as the National Trust in Britain, the Czech Village Restoration Scheme and the French eco‐musées, this paper identifies some of the pitfalls that must be avoided if the fine words of the Convention are to be translated into effective action. These include problems with designation, conflicts between different types of conservation, and the side effects of gentrification and increased tourism. There is a call for more research to break down barriers to understanding between countries, between disciplines, and between academics and practitioners.     

异质性景观及其经营——以河南省平顶山新城湖滨景观带规划设计为例

景观异质性的概念出自景观生态学,将其延伸至人类文化系统中,就可以用于描述人文景观系统和系统要素的差异性,包括时间差、空间差、文化差、质量差、数量差等.只有深入研究景观的异质性特点,并结合景观的功能构成,才能发掘出更多的可经营因素.平顶山新城湖滨景观带规划将一艘报废的战舰设置在湖的中段,保留"农家乐"的田园餐饮形式和沙滩,根据地形特点设置12座桥梁,分别从综合差、文化差、时间差、信息差方面体现了景观的异质性.