关于《卓越绩效评价准则》国家标准实施中的难点讨论

根据国家质检总局在2004年8月30日发布的GB/T19580<卓越绩效评价准则>国家标准的要求,结合五年来质量管理奖评审和企业自我评价发现的问题,我们开展了<准则>实施中的难点分析.本文介绍其中的部分内容:一、将"领导"置于过程中,而不是摆在"职位上;二、组织在制定战略的过程中必须十分重视资料和信息的输入;三、组织应致力于提供更多的顾客价值;四、组织应关注员工职业生涯发展;五、过程设计应体现增值性、敏捷性、系统性;确保绩效测量系统的一致性和敏感性.     

海洋大气湍流对海军光电装备性能的影响

依据观测数据给出沿海地区低层大气湍流的季节及日变化特征,以误码率、角跟踪精度以及调制传递函数和分辨率等作为衡量包括光通信设备、光电探测设备以及光电跟踪系统在海洋大气湍流环境下的性能指标,在局地均匀、各向同性Kolmogolov湍流谱以及Rytov近似假设的条件下进行了分析.结果表明:以误码率指标衡量,光通信系统的有效作用距离大大缩短;在中等湍流强度下,光电成像探测设备的湍流受限MTF及分辨率与系统的衍射受限MTF及分辨率相比存在着显著的差异,海洋大气湍流对短波、中波红外成像设备的影响已经大于衍射受限的影响,而对于长波的影响并不显著;在中等湍流强度下,相位起伏引起的角跟踪误差将从几微弧度上升到二十几微弧度.     

Minimum-energy broadcast and multicast in wireless networks: An integer programming approach and improved heuristic algorithms

Both integer programming models and heuristic algorithms have been proposed for finding minimum-energy broadcast and multicast trees in wireless ad hoc networks. Among heuristic algorithms, the broadcast/multicast incremental power (BIP/MIP) algorithm is most known. The theoretical performance of BIP/MIP has been quantified in several studies. To assess the empirical performance of BIP/MIP and other heuristic algorithms, it is necessary to compute an optimal tree or a very good lower bound of the optimum. In this paper, we present an integer programming approach as well as improved heuristic algorithms. Our integer programming approach comprises a novel integer model and a relaxation scheme. Unlike previously proposed models, the continuous relaxation of our model leads to a very sharp lower bound of the optimum. Our relaxation scheme allows for performance evaluation of heuristics without having to compute optimal trees. Our contributions to heuristic algorithms consist of the power-improving algorithm successive power adjustment (SPA), and improved time complexity of some previously suggested algorithms. We report extensive numerical experiments. Algorithm SPA finds better solutions in comparison to a host of other algorithms. Moreover, the integer programming approach shows that trees found by algorithm SPA are optimal or near-optimal.     

Statistical analysis of achievable resolution limit in the near field source localization context

In this fast communication, we derive the statistical resolution limit (SRL), characterizing the minimal parameter separation, to resolve two closely spaced known near-field sources impinging on a linear array. Toward this goal, we conduct on the first-order Taylor expansion of the observation model a Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) based on a Constrained Maximum Likelihood Estimator (CMLE) of the SRL. More precisely, the minimum separation between two near-field sources, that is detectable for a given probability of false alarm and a given probability of detection, is derived herein. Finally, numerical simulations are done to quantify the impact of the array geometry of the signal sources power distribution and of the array aperture on the statistical resolution limit.     

A Mapping Framework Based on Packing for Design Space Exploration of Heterogeneous MPSoCs

The computational demand of signal processing algorithms is rising continuously. Heterogeneous embedded multiprocessor systems-on-chips are one solution to satisfy this demand. But to be able to take advantage of these systems, new strategies are required to map applications to such a system and to evaluate the systems performance at a very early design stage. We will present a framework for static, analytical, bottom-up temporal and spatial mapping of applications to MPSoCs based on packing. This mapping framework allows easy performance evaluation and design space exploration of heterogeneous systems on chip.

Thermal module design and analysis of a 230 W LED illumination lamp under three incline angles

This study investigates on the thermal performance of the 230 W LED projection lamp cooling module in the natural convection and modifies fin parameters including fin spacing, height and thickness and LED base plates materials to achieve optimal heat dissipation and performance through experimental and simulation analysis. Results show that the best values of cooling module are 1.1 mm aluminum fin thickness, 7.5 mm pitch, and 31 mm height and can effectively reduce the LED junction temperature under 75 °C at 90° incline angle. The impact of the incline angle of the LED vapor chamber-based plate to the thermal performance of the present cooling module should be assessed before such a structure of vapor chamber cooling system is used to cool high power LED system. And the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results, whose calculating error is not more than ±10%. A novel comparative process of 230 W LED projection light is developed.     

Performance evaluation of an IEEE 802.15.4 sensor network with a star topology

One class of applications envisaged for the IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN (low data rate—wireless personal area network) standard is wireless sensor networks for monitoring and control applications. In this paper we provide an analytical performance model for a network in which the sensors are at the tips of a star topology, and the sensors need to transmit their measurements to the hub node so that certain objectives for packet delay and packet discard are met. We first carry out a saturation throughput analysis of the system; i.e., it is assumed that each sensor has an infinite backlog of packets and the throughput of the system is sought. After a careful analysis of the CSMA/CA MAC that is employed in the standard, and after making a certain decoupling approximation, we identify an embedded Markov renewal process, whose analysis yields a fixed point equation, from whose solution the saturation throughput can be calculated. We validate our model against ns2 simulations (using an IEEE 802.15.4 module developed by Zheng [14]). We find that with the default back-off parameters the saturation throughput decreases sharply with increasing number of nodes. We use our analytical model to study the problem and we propose alternative back-off parameters that prevent the drop in throughput. We then show how the saturation analysis can be used to obtain an analytical model for the finite arrival rate case. This finite load model captures very well the qualitative behavior of the system, and also provides a good approximation to the packet discard probability, and the throughput. For the default parameters, the finite load throughput is found to first increase and then decrease with increasing load. We find that for typical performance objectives (mean delay and packet discard) the packet discard probability would constrain the system capacity. Finally, we show how to derive a node lifetime analysis using various rates and probabilities obtained from our performance analysis model.

自相似业务量的流量控制研究

由于自相似性是宽带网络中业务量的一个普遍特性,因此在进行宽带网络管理和流量控制时必须考虑它所带来的影响。目前,有关基于自相似业务量的流控机制的研究已经引起了人们广泛地注意。一些研究表明自相似业务量表现出了与传统模型不同的排队特征。本文围绕业务质量保证和流量控制机制,具体研究和分析了业务量的自相似性质对业务量成形、用法参数控制和呼叫接纳控制等流量控制机制的影响,并得到了一些重要结论。     

激光照射指示器整机性能检测方法研究

根据激光末端制导的工作原理,分析了激光照射指示器的性能指标,提出了各性能指标的数字化检测方法。采用模拟回波和精密延时电路检测照射能力、用CCD采集激光光斑测试激光束散角,实现了整机性能的数字化检测。能够测量每个照射周期各激光脉冲的能量、脉冲间隔、频率精度等参数,并在同一脉冲序列图中绘出波形。给出了电路框图、光路图和数据处理的方法。采用的四通道结构和上位机与下位机串行通讯的措施,减小了仪器的体积,提高了硬件的模块化结构和软件的可靠性与可视化程度。     

多个具有零均值复乘性噪声复谐波信号的循环估计量的性能分析

文中研究了利用循环平稳方法估计多个具有零均值随机乘性噪声的复谐波信号参数的方法,并分析了其渐近统计性能,结果表明循环统计量可用来恢复多个具有任意分布的零均值随机有色乘性噪声的复谐波信号,且所得的谐波参数估计的均方差与相应的Cramer-Rao界具有相同的数量级。模拟结果验证了所得结果的正确性。