快速测定啤酒酒精度和真正发酵度的方法

介绍了一种快速测定啤酒中酒精含量的方法，并且建立了啤酒发酵过程中酒精含量与真正发酵度之间的关系，由此可以计算啤酒的真正发酵度。     

试论用半直接式蒸馏流程生产符合GB394—81标准的一级酒精蒸馏技术

用半直接式三塔蒸馏流程生产糖蜜酒精，只要适当地对流程加以改造，模索合理的工艺条件，并合理加药，可以生产出符合ＧＢ３９４－８１标准的一级酒精，并可不断提高质量。     

家装工程新模式——住宅装修“工厂化”全配套工程

分析了国内外住宅装修业现状,论述了住宅装修工厂化的优势、基本模式 及营运方式。     

Single atom iron carbons supported Pd–Ni–P nanoalloy as a multifunctional electrocatalyst for alcohol oxidation

Exploring high-performance and multifunctional electrocatalysts for alcohols oxidation is the key to develop alkaline fuel cells. Herein, we prepared a novel palladium-nickel-phosphorus catalyst supported on single atom iron carbons (SAICs) with different diameter sizes (1000 nm, 200 nm, 100 nm, 50 nm, and 20 nm), which were synthesized by direct carbonization of Fe-doped Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8). Electrochemical tests reveal that the as-prepared PdNiP/50nmSAIC exhibited excellent electrooxidation activity and stability to the various alcohols (methanol, glycerol, and especially ethylene glycol) electrooxidation in the alkaline solution, which is much higher than that of commercial Pd/C and other advanced Pd-based catalysts. Meanwhile, the rotating disk electrode (RDE) and CO-stripping results proves that PdNiP/50nmSAIC possesses a faster kinetic process of ethylene glycol oxidation and enhanced anti-CO poisoning ability. Our efforts provide a new strategy for the development of MOFs-derived multielement electrocatalyst with excellent activity and stability, and a bright future for alcohol oxidation.     

“I drove after drinking alcohol” and other risky driving behaviours reported by young novice drivers

Background: Volitional risky driving behaviours such as drink- and drug-driving (i.e. substance-impaired driving) and speeding contribute to the overrepresentation of young novice drivers in road crash fatalities, and crash risk is greatest during the first year of independent driving in particular. Aims: To explore the: (1) self-reported compliance of drivers with road rules regarding substance-impaired driving and other risky driving behaviours (e.g., speeding, driving while tired), one year after progression from a Learner to a Provisional (intermediate) licence; and (2) interrelationships between substance-impaired driving and other risky driving behaviours (e.g., crashes, offences, and Police avoidance). Methods: Drivers (n = 1076; 319 males) aged 18–20 years were surveyed regarding their sociodemographics (age, gender) and self-reported driving behaviours including crashes, offences, Police avoidance, and driving intentions. Results: A relatively small proportion of participants reported driving after taking drugs (6.3% of males, 1.3% of females) and drinking alcohol (18.5% of males, 11.8% of females). In comparison, a considerable proportion of participants reported at least occasionally exceeding speed limits (86.7% of novices), and risky behaviours like driving when tired (83.6% of novices). Substance-impaired driving was associated with avoiding Police, speeding, risky driving intentions, and self-reported crashes and offences. Forty-three percent of respondents who drove after taking drugs also reported alcohol-impaired driving. Discussion and Conclusions: Behaviours of concern include drink driving, speeding, novice driving errors such as misjudging the speed of oncoming vehicles, violations of graduated driver licensing passenger restrictions, driving tired, driving faster if in a bad mood, and active punishment avoidance. Given the interrelationships between the risky driving behaviours, a deeper understanding of influential factors is required to inform targeted and general countermeasure implementation and evaluation during this critical driving period. Notwithstanding this, a combination of enforcement, education, and engineering efforts appear necessary to improve the road safety of the young novice driver, and for the drink-driving young novice driver in particular.     

水泥厂窑尾塔架防护栏杆的设计优化探讨

防护栏杆作为建筑物的附属构件,虽不影响主体结构的受力性能,却对保障使用者的生命财产安全起着重要的作用。本文以某5000TPD规模窑尾塔架为例,对其主楼层和钢平台、钢梯的防护栏杆选型进行对比;在安全适用的前提下,尝试对标准图集02(03)J401对栏杆构件设计优化。本次设计优化未能取得预期的效果,仅仅统一了栏杆风格,但对任意改变构件大小的行为可以起到警示作用。     

Testing the robustness of the dysphoria factor of the Simms et al. (2002) model of posttraumatic stress disorder.

The Simms et al. (2002) four-factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been supported in many factor analytic studies, and the specificity of the dysphoria factor has been questioned because of its strong associations with measures of depression and anxiety. This study addressed this issue by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis while controlling for the symptoms of major depression (MD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Data from individuals who satisfied Criterion A of the diagnostic criteria for a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM–IV) diagnosis of PTSD (n = 12,467) in the 2004–2005 National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were used in the analysis. The results showed that after controlling for MD and GAD, the factor loadings for dysphoria items were significantly attenuated, although they remained relatively high and statistically significant. The present findings contribute to the debate regarding how PTSD should be conceptualized and assessed in future issues of the DSM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Selective oxidation of alcohols using novel crystalline Mo-V-O oxide as heterogeneous catalyst in liquid phase with molecular oxygen

Catalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol with molecular oxygen under mild conditions was carried out over novel crystalline Mo-V-O oxide. The present research is focused on investigation of recycling, reusability and stability of the crystalline oxide in the liquid-phase reaction. The Mo-V-O oxide catalyst was used at least four times with comparable activities to that of fresh catalyst. The separation of the catalyst from reaction medium can stop the conversion of benzyl alcohol, and the addition of the catalyst to the reaction medium can trigger the reaction immediately. The catalytic oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol as a reference reaction suggested that there were no leached active species in the reaction mixture. The results of the ICP–MS analysis, XRD, and SEM characterization confirmed that the structure and composition of the catalyst were stable. Besides, the Mo-V-O oxide can catalyze the oxidation of a series of alcohols with high selectivities for corresponding carbonyl compounds.     

Safety Performance Indicator for alcohol in road accidents—International comparison, validity and data quality

Safety Performance Indicators, SPIs, are developed for various areas within road safety such as speed, car occupant protection, alcohol and drugs, vehicle safety, etc. SPIs can be used to indicate the road safety situation and to compare road safety performance between countries and over time and to understand the process leading to accidents, helping to select the measures to reduce them. This article describes an alcohol SPI defined as the percentage of fatalities resulting from accidents involving at least one driver impaired by alcohol. The calculation of the alcohol SPI for 26 European countries shows that the SPI varies from 4.4% in Bulgaria to 72.2% in Italy. These results raise the question if the results reflect the real situation or if there is a methodological explanation. To answer this question three different studies were carried out: comparison with other alcohol SPIs, in-depth studies of data quality in seven selected countries, and a study of correlations between the SPI and influencing factors.These studies indicate clearly that there is a need to improve quality of the data used for the alcohol SPI. Most importantly, the total number of drivers involved in fatal accidents, the number tested for alcohol and the number not tested, should be reported, in addition to the number of alcohol positive and negative drivers among those tested. Until these improvements are made, the validity of this SPI seems poor and comparison of the alcohol SPI results across countries should be made with caution.     

石油磺酸盐与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺在碱介质中的兼容性

用分光光度法研究了石油磺酸盐（ＰＳ）与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＩＩＰＡＭ）在碱（Ｎａ２ＣＯ３）介质中的兼容性及兼容条件。研究结果表明，适量正丁醇能使二者兼容；含Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋时，用尿素掩蔽后也能兼容；兼容体系全是清亮稳定均匀的均相体系，其光密度Ａ≤０．０１５。