基于生物气候条件的城市设计生态策略研究——以冬冷夏热地区城市设计为例

本文基于自然梯度原理和生物的适应性与补偿性原则,通过对生物气候要素、自然要素和人工要素的整合与应用,初步形成一套适应冬冷夏热地区气候条件的城市设计生态策略和方法。     

湿热地区的住宅建筑热环境控制

在总结湿热地区传统民居气候设计经验的基础上，对该地区住宅建筑的设计原则和设计风格作了较详细的探讨，最后以住宅设计为例，叙述湿热地区应采取的建筑技术措施。     

鄂东南传统民居的气候适应性研究

中国传统民居具有良好的气候适应性,深入地研究传统民居的气候适应性,发掘其中有价值的策略和技术,对当今的生态建筑设计很有帮助。通过对湖北省阳新县玉堍村传统民居的热舒适性实验和分析研究,发掘鄂东南传统民居解决夏季热舒适性的关键方法和技术,探索传统民居气候适应性的根源,揭示了传统民居在解决气候适应性问题方面不同于现代生态建筑的方法和思路。     

论长江中下游地区的建筑通风

该文以长江中下游地区的气候条件、人文传统为依据,探讨如何运用热工学、空气动力学等物理学的相关原理,“绿色”地解决该地区的建筑通风问题。     

钢混凝土组合桁架的纵向剪切力

钢混凝土组合桁架中钢和混凝土界面的纵向剪切分布一般是高度非均匀,在桁架节点出现峰值。对两个钢混凝土组合桁架梁的性能进行试验研究,所获试验结果对ANSYS软件包的非线性三维数值有限元模型进行校准。对30多个空腹板简支桁架中跨剪切变量进行研究,包括不同的荷载-滑移关系。在弹性阶段,尤其重要的是连接点受疲劳荷载导致塑性区的塑性重分配,使桁架节点连接处出现独特的剪切流峰值。数值结果与欧洲规范4进行比较,详细探讨了桁架节点剪切连接的增浓作用的影响。最后,对实际设计提出建议。     

商业街外部空间的本土设计--空间·场景·文化

以曲水里商业街外部空间设计为例,阐述了商业街外部空间设计为场景化再现提供基础,本土文化在场景中实现。将曲水里商业街区定位为老济南文化场景体验式商业街区,通过梳理街巷肌理、控制建筑体量、塑造活力空间节点、融入民俗文化等手法,建构场景化的商业外部空间,使消费者在购物中体验济南本土文化。     

Overheating and passive habitability: indoor health and heat indices

As extreme heat and weather events are predicted to increase due to global warming, the risk of human heat stress within buildings will increase. To be resilient, buildings will need the capacity to provide habitable indoor conditions without power for limited amounts of time. Additional indoor thermal standards are required for public health to address ‘passive habitability’ during power outages. Current research on building-related heat stress and numerous heat indices is examined in relation to the development of a new heat-safety metric for use in passively conditioned buildings. Most indoor overheating research relies on outdoor temperature data and has no common indoor heat index for evaluating indoor heat stress. A recommendation is made for using the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and predicted heat strain (PHS) indices for modelling and monitoring of indoor heat stress in healthy adult populations because both indices utilize the primary thermoregulation variables, have associated heat-stress thresholds, and can be assessed or tracked with existing environmental monitoring methods and predictive energy modelling techniques. Further research is recommended on health effects and exposure limits of vulnerable populations, and the variation in thermal factors within buildings and the building stock.     

An ecosystemic approach for assessing the urban water self-sufficiency potential: lessons from the Mediterranean

Frequent water stress episodes affecting urban hubs have caused a shift in urban water management towards integrated approaches and motivated a search for alternative water resources. Large-scale rainwater harvesting on the municipal scale can overcome the disadvantages of climate dependence and the volume restrictions associated with small-scale collection facilities. In this paper, two tools based on the urban metabolism concept are used to determine the water self-sufficiency potential of urban systems from urban runoff: a simple water self-sufficiency potential indicator and a socioeconomic water flow accounting scheme, which includes water losses. Both tools are applied to a densely populated coastal area that exemplifies urban centres in the Mediterranean. This approach is useful for regions with restricted data availability on water use and facilitates information dissemination to policy makers. The results indicate a significant water self-sufficiency potential for the area of study, even under projections of reduced precipitation in the area.     

Effects of systematic work preparation meetings on safety climate and psychosocial conditions in the construction industry

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intervention comprising education and support in performing frequent and structured work preparation meetings with broad participation. Such work preparation meetings were expected to have positive effects on safety climate by emphasizing the value of safety at the work site, and on perceived influence at work. The study was a longitudinal, matched before and after questionnaire study, with six construction sites within a large Swedish construction company, randomly assigned to the intervention or the comparison group. Contrary to expectations, the intervention group reported a decrease in safety climate, while this increased in the comparison group. Perceived influence at work showed a tendency to decrease at the interventions sites. Frequent work preparation meetings may provide ample opportunity for obtaining perceptual safety climate cues. But the effect is dependent on how these meetings are performed, and what priorities are conveyed.