环肽、3-苯乳酸与苯丙酸组合物对双菌生物被膜的影响

为研究植物乳杆菌CCFM8724产生的3种代谢物环亮氨酸脯氨酸二肽、3-苯乳酸、苯丙酸对变异链球菌和白色念珠菌双菌生物被膜的作用及其作用机制,测定了3种代谢物的组合物对变异链球菌和白色念珠菌双菌生物被膜量、胞外多糖和胞外蛋白产量、群体感应信号分子AI-2产量及生物被膜结构的影响,并通过分子对接的方式探究小分子代谢物结合致病菌靶点的方式和构象。结果表明：组合物的干预使变异链球菌和白色念珠菌双菌生物被膜量减少了79.4%,水不溶性胞外多糖和胞外蛋白的产量分别减少了63.8%、60.2%,群体感应信号分子AI-2产量减少了80.7%,同时破坏了生物被膜结构。分子对接结果显示：组合物可以与变异链球菌PtxA蛋白和白色念珠菌Fba蛋白的靶点结合,影响其糖代谢,进而抑制二者形成生物被膜。通过探究植物乳杆菌CCFM8724抑制双菌生物被膜潜在的物质基础,旨在从分子水平揭示组合物环亮氨酸脯氨酸二肽、3-苯乳酸、苯丙酸可能的抑菌机理,为植物乳杆菌CCFM8724及其代谢物组合物开发口腔益生菌和后生元产品提供一定的理论依据。     

光纤固定软钎焊焊点的三维形态模拟

本文在建立光纤固定软钎焊焊点模型及能量边界条件的基础上,利用有限元方法对焊点三维形态进行数值模拟并分析材料及结构等参数对焊点形态的影响规律.基于能量最小原理并利用形态模拟数据,得出钎料量及焊盘尺寸对光纤与焊盘间隙高度的影响规律,以及光纤横向偏移量对回复力的影响规律.研究结果表明:针对一定的焊盘相对尺寸,当钎料量大于临界值,最小间隙高度随着钎料量的增加而成线性增加;光纤横向偏移量小于一定值时,回复力随着偏移量的增加成线性增加.研究结果对于通过调整结构及工艺参数来控制光纤对准偏移具有指导意义.     

Ammoxidation of toluene over Y-Ba-Cu-Co-O perovskites

Ammoxidation of toluene over the perovskites YBa₂Cu₃O_6.1, YBa₂Cu₂CoO_6.7 and YBaCuCoO_4.9 was investigated at 400 °C. At low partial pressures of O₂ benzonitrile was selectively formed, while CO₂ was the main product at high pressures of O₂. Systematic differences in activity were observed for the three phases and are related to the crystal contents of Cu and Co. At low O₂ pressures, Cu-sites are active for nitrile formation, while Co-sites give CO₂. At high O₂ pressures, the activity for CO₂ of Cu-sites increases more than that of Co-sites due to filling of near-surface oxygen vacancies.     

Identification of the state of palladium in various hydrogenation catalysts by XPS

Various commercial supported palladium hydrogenation catalysts were studied by XPS and treated at ambient pressure with hydrogen and air. Unused catalysts exhibit a significant fraction of divalent Pd (oxide) which is reduced by hydrogen treatment at room temperature. Exposure to air in systems with carbonate, alumina, silica or active carbon as support causes the formation of a solid solution of oxygen in Pd characterized by a Pd 3d chemical shift of ca. + 0.4 eV. The absolute binding energy of Pd depends strongly on the matrix, indicating a significant contribution of extra-atomic screening, which prevents a direct comparison of reference samples and supported catalysts. Using the oxidation of CO to CO₂ at 300 K as in situ chemical probe it was confirmed that Pd supported on carbonate, silica and alumina exists in the same metallic state which could be activated for the test reaction irrespective of the variation in XPS binding energies.     

掺铒铝酸钇(Er~(3+):YAlO_3)单晶生长

开拓新波段的应用是现今固体激光器发展方向之一。掺铒铝酸钇(Er~(3+):YAlO_3)激光晶体是1.66μm及2.7—2.9μm波段固体激光器重要工作物质。本文着重描述Er~(3+)YAlO_3原料硝酸去水、氮气氛加少量氧以及熔体过热等对生长的晶体质量的影响。     

Structure sensitivity of the catalytic oxidative coupling of methane on lanthanum oxide

The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) has been found to be structure sensitive on La₂O₃ catalysts exhibiting different crystallite morphologies. Thin plates obtained by thermal decomposition of lanthanum nitrate at 650 °C are more selective on OCM reaction performed at 750 °C than the particles obtained by decomposition of the nitrate at 800 °C. It is assumed that the oxycarbonate observed is formed from the methane deep oxidation on the catalyst surface. This compound appears to act as an intermediate in the production of CO₂ and is thus important hi the resulting selectivity.     

Chromatographic analysis of species specific odor profiles inMastomys natalensis andM. coucha (Rodentia: Muridae)

Whole-body volatiles from males of the cryptic multimammate mouse speciesMastomys natalensis andM. coucha were analyzed by dynamic solvent effect sampling and capillary gas chromatography. One compound, 3-nonene-2-one, was always present, sometimes as the major component, in volatiles fromM. coucha and absent, or present only at low levels, in volatiles fromM. natalensis. The mean ±SD of the 3-nonen-2-one peak area forM. coucha was 8599 ±9630 and forM. natalensis 148 ±486. Chromatographic analysis was more reliable in identifying a male's species than were a female's in a two-choice olfactorium.     

航拍图像中绝缘子目标检测的研究

使用YOLOv3深度网络模型,针对航拍图像中绝缘子检测的准确性问题进行研究,提出了一种分解聚合算法。为解决目标的错检、漏检等问题,将目标分解成多个存在交集的可变型部件,并对其进行检测。在保证子目标检测精度与速度的前提下,利用各部件之间相交区域的特征及含义,对其进行聚合并重新定义,使检测到的目标区域更准确。由于群体性目标中包含的可变因素过多,原算法无法准确定义,提出的改进方法则可根据必需部件对其进行检测,同时为单独的子目标找出它所隶属的整体,通过多级标签对其进行更深刻意义上的描述。以COCO数据集为例,对比算法改进前后的检测效果。实验结果表明,该方法显著提高了目标检测的准确性,解决了漏检、错检等问题。     

Rapid Biofabrication of Printable Dense Collagen Bioinks of Tunable Properties

Recent convergence of the 3D printing of tissue‐like bioinks and regenerative medicine offers promise in the high‐throughput engineering of in vitro tissue models and organoids for drug screening and discovery research, and of potentially implantable neo‐tissues with tailored structural, biological, and mechanical properties. However, the current printing approaches are not compatible with collagen, the native scaffolding material. Herein, a unique biofabrication approach that uses automated gel aspiration‐ejection (GAE) is reported to potentially overcome these challenges. Automated‐GAE generates highly defined, aligned, dense collagen gel bioinks of various geometries (i.e., cylindrical, quadrangular, and tubular), dimensions, as well as tunable microstructural and mechanical properties that modulate seeded cellular responses. By densifying initial naturally derived reconstituted collagen hydrogels incorporating cells, automated‐GAE generates mini‐tissue building blocks with tailored protein fibril density and alignment, as well as cell loading, density and orientation according to the intended use. Surprisingly, a simple mathematical relationship defining the bioink compaction factor is found to be highly effective in predicting the initial and temporal properties of the bioinks in culture. Therefore, automated‐GAE will potentially also enable a fourth dimension to biofabrication, where cell–cell communications and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions as a function of time in culture can be predicted and modeled.     

Room‐Temperature Partial Conversion of α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite Phase via PbI2 Solvation Enables High‐Performance Solar Cells

The two‐step conversion process consisting of metal halide deposition followed by conversion to hybrid perovskite has been successfully applied toward producing high‐quality solar cells of the archetypal MAPbI₃ hybrid perovskite, but the conversion of other halide perovskites, such as the lower bandgap FAPbI₃, is more challenging and tends to be hampered by the formation of hexagonal nonperovskite polymorph of FAPbI₃, requiring Cs addition and/or extensive thermal annealing. Here, an efficient room‐temperature conversion route of PbI₂ into the α‐FAPbI₃ perovskite phase without the use of cesium is demonstrated. Using in situ grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D), the conversion behaviors of the PbI₂ precursor from its different states are compared. α‐FAPbI₃ forms spontaneously and efficiently at room temperature from P₂ (ordered solvated polymorphs with DMF) without hexagonal phase formation and leads to complete conversion after thermal annealing. The average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the fabricated solar cells is greatly improved from 16.0(±0.32)% (conversion from annealed PbI₂) to 17.23(±0.28)% (from solvated PbI₂) with a champion device PCE > 18% due to reduction of carrier recombination rate. This work provides new design rules toward the room‐temperature phase transformation and processing of hybrid perovskite films based on FA⁺ cation without the need for Cs⁺ or mixed halide formulation.