《齐民要术》制酱技术及酱的烹饪应用

北魏贾思勰的《齐民要术》完整总结与记录了汉魏时期酱的制作方法及微生物发酵技术,它是我国迄今为止记录酱种类最多的古籍。透过《齐民要术》记录的200余款菜肴制作技艺,可以发现,至少在北魏时期,古人就开始运用各种酱料如酱清、清酱、豆酱清、豉汁等液体调味品进行菜肴的调制,这对于中国菜肴的烹调来说具有历史性的意义。     

Fast Volume Rendering and Data Classification Using Multiresolution in Min‐Max Octrees

Large‐sized volume datasets have recently become commonplace and users are now demanding that volume‐rendering techniques to visualise such data provide acceptable results on relatively modest computing platforms. The widespread use of the Internet for the transmission and/or rendering of volume data is also exerting increasing demands on software providers. Multiresolution can address these issues in an elegant way. One of the fastest volume‐rendering alrogithms is that proposed by Lacroute & Levoy ¹ , which is based on shear‐warp factorisation and min‐max octrees (MMOs). Unfortunately, since an MMO captures only a single resolution of a volume dataset, this method is unsuitable for rendering datasets in a multiresolution form. This paper adapts the above algorithm to multiresolution volume rendering to enable near‐real‐time interaction to take place on a standard PC. It also permits the user to modify classification functions and/or resolution during rendering with no significant loss of rendering speed. A newly‐developed data structure based on the MMO is employed, the multiresolution min‐max octree, M ³ O, which captures the spatial coherence for datasets at all resolutions. Speed is enhanced by the use of multiresolution opacity transfer functions for rapidly determining and discarding transparent dataset regions. Some experimental results on sample volume datasets are presented.     

民国时期留学海外女画家的艺术特点——以潘玉良、关紫兰为例

民国时期出现了第一批留洋的中国女性,她们有着极为相似的经历,一方面受到封建传统文化的熏陶,另一方面又经过了国外先进文化的洗礼。潘玉良和关紫兰分别是留学欧洲和日本的女性,也是那个时代最有才华的女性画家之一。本文将透过两位女画家的艺术作品以窥那个时代的女性绘画。     

Occurrence and estimation of aflatoxin M1 exposure in milk in Serbia

The occurrence of AFM1 was investigated in 150 cow's, 10 goat's, 5 donkey's, 10 breasts milk and 1 infant formula samples. Analyses were done using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. AFM1 was detected in 98.7% of analyzed cow's milk samples in concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 1.2 μg/kg. Further, even 129 (86.0%) cow's milk samples contained AFM1 in concentration greater than maximum residue levels (MRL) of 0.05 μg/kg defined by European Union (EU) Regulation. Analysis of other types of milk showed that AFM1 was detected in 80.0% goat's, 60.0% donkey's and 60.0% of breasts milk samples.Although Serbian Regulation for MRL of AFM1 in milk has been changed and harmonized with EU Regulation in 2011, occurrence of AFM1 in milk in Serbia during 2013 resulted in Regulation changes, and MRL were changed from 0.05 to 0.5 μg/kg.On the basis of the obtained concentrations of the AFM1 in cow's milk, collected information about average milk intake and mean body weight (bw) for different age's categories, mean ingestion of AFM1 in ng/kg per bw per day were estimated. Obtained results showed that all age's categories, especially children, are exposed with high risk related to presence of AFM1 in milk.There are only a few published data about occurrence of AFM1 in milk in Serbia and none about intake assessment for AFM1.     

HPLC法测定小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏

HPLC法应用于小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量及含量均匀度的测定,采用Kro-masil C18柱(250mmx4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.05mol·L<'-1>磷酸二氢钾溶液-三乙胺(140:860:0.25)(用磷酸调节pH值至2.3)为流动相,流速为1 mL·min<'-1>,检测波长为220n...     

面向工业过程的鲁棒PID控制器设计

将内模控制原理和极小极大优化原则相结合,提出了一种新的鲁棒PID控制器设计方法.优化设计过程分步进行,综合采用多参数随机优化和解析优化方法.设计结果具有算法稳定、鲁棒性强、一致性好等特点,适合于工况变化频繁的工业过程回路控制.     

Mission-oriented ant-team ACO for min–max MTSP

The multiple traveling salesman problem (mTSP) is a combinatorial optimization problem and an extension of the famous traveling salesman problem (TSP). Not only does the mTSP possess academic research value, but its application is extensive. For example, the vehicle routing problem and operations scheduling can all be reduced to mTSP solutions. The mTSP is an NP-hard problem, and multifaceted discussions of its solutions are worthwhile. This study assigned ants to teams with mission-oriented approaches to enhance ant colony optimization algorithms. Missions were appointed to ant teams before they departed (each ant had a different focal search direction). In addition to attempting to complete its own mission, each ant used the Max–Min strategy to work together to optimize the solution. The goal of appointing missions is to reduce the total distance, whereas the goal of using the max–min search method for paths was to achieve Min–Max , or the goal of labor balance. Four main elements were involved in the search process of the ant teams: mission pheromone, path pheromone, greedy factor, and Max–Min ant firing scheme. The experimental results revealed this novel approach to be constructive and effective.     

高层钢结构顺风向风振加速度的MTMD控制

根据我国荷载规范并利用虚拟激励法和振型降价法，建立了在风荷载作用下设置MTMD时高层钢结构建筑的加速度传递函数，进而导出了设置MTMD时高层钢结构建筑的加速度动力放大系数R明确表达式。MTMD的优化目标是为Min.Min.Max.R。通过最优搜寻可得到MTMD的最优参数及有效性指标。目前的论文通过考虑结构基本周期和离地10m高的平均风速的不同取值，研究其对MTMD最优参数及有效性指标的影响。     

明代杰出的治黄专家——潘季驯

简述了明代治河专家潘季驯主持治理黄河的背景、思想体系和实施方略及献身精神     

圆明园湖底防渗工程问题的一些思考

最近,圆明园湖底防渗工程引起了广泛的关注,这本来是值得广大专业人员高兴之事,但我们在高兴之余,也不得不注意到其中的一些高调之音.科学和工程技术问题被一些空泛的概念所掩盖,影响实质性问题的解决.已经到了把问题找出来,再去解决问题,而不仅是空谈"主义"和"概念"的时候了.