The Role of Catalysis in Determining Men’s Quality of Life

Modern civilization, whose spectacular development took place in the second half of XX century as the result of scientific and information revolution has six characteristic features: (1) it is a mass civilization, (2) it is mobile, (3) it is global, (4) it is free of the spectre of famine, (5) it is built on informatics, (6) human lifespan is steadily prolonged. In order to achieve these goals it was necessary to invent thousands new materials and to find out methods of their fast and cheap production in large quantities. The unique possibility of the fast and selective production of the desired chemical molecules, required to obtain a material with defined properties, is offered by catalysis. Catalysis comprises technological processes of the largest scale, such as catalytic cracking of billions tons of crude oil per year and smallest scale enzymatic reactions with micrograms of product formed with 100% chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. With the rapidly growing earth’s population increasingly important becomes not only the production of materials needed in our modern society, but also the destruction of undesired by-products of its activities, making the application of catalysis to pollution control one of important tasks. The progress of catalysis, both science and technology, was in the last 50 years driven by the development in five fields: (1) new materials, particularly those based on the principle of molecular imprinting (use of templates), (2) application of new surface science techniques to identify active sites and surface reaction intermediates, (3) quantum chemical modeling of elementary steps of catalytic reactions, (4) design of new reactors, (5) development of computational catalysis, (6) development of new ways for carrying catalytic reactions, (7) biocatalysis using enzymes, modified by mutagenesis and recombination techniques to make them selective and active in conditions of the desired technological process. Application of molecular sieves, catalytic antibodies, metallocene catalysts, asymmetric catalysis, fuel cells, control of automotive exhaust are described and pending change of the paradigm of catalysis is discussed.     

现代企业能源管理创新浅论

陈述目前国内能源建设与发展状况,分析了当前能源管理存在的问题,剖析了其产生的根源,提出了强化人的智能、资本运营的作用,注重成本效益观,加强企业能源管理结合节能降耗管理新举措,以期实现现代企业持久的经济效益.     

浅议现代陶艺在居室设计中的运用

在人类精神需求日益提高的今天,原本停留在纯艺术形式的探索和趣味品玩的现代陶艺进入了居室设计的行业里。现代陶艺在居室设计中展现的自由艺术个性、带来的独特视觉感知,不仅极大地满足了人们的精神需求,更充分体现了现代陶艺在居室设计中的审美价值。本文试图通过分析现代陶艺与居室设计的融合关系,探讨现代陶艺在居室设计中的运用。     

现代产品设计理论研究综述

简要回顾设计学科的发展历史,分析影响设计理论发展的重要思想,总结其发展趋势,最后对企业选择设计理论给出初步建议。     

“生态农业”与“石油农业”应辩证统一

人类农业是对自然生态的一种创新型"破坏"。中国生态农业奠基人叶谦吉提出的生态农业,是经济、生态、社会效益合一的现代化农业发展模式,不是回到传统农业。生态农业与石油农业并非对立面。机械化农业是现代农业的根本生产方式,是人类农业的共同发展道路。现代农业是生态农业与石油农业辩证统一。这是我国农业现代化进程中必须厘清的重要问题。     

超声波水域灭藻净水装置在上海曲阳公园景观湖的应用

超声波水域灭藻净水装置,是欧盟推出的最新环境友好设备。本文介绍了超声波的发生与作用;超声波的灭藻净水机理;超声波的应用情况与使用效果;最后还提出超声波与增氧曝气及纳米技术结合的讨论商榷意见。     

用现代营销理念看加油站的产品策略

产品的概念是一个由３个层次组成的综合概念,加油站的产品亦如此。为提高加油站的竞争能力,必须认真对待这３以次,特别是附加层次,树立信誉品牌和服务第一的观点。     

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由于修井机井架在海洋和陆地工作环境的不同决定了海洋修井机井架与陆地修井机井架失效形式的不同，文章以国产HYX90海洋修井机为例，采用国际上先进的机械设计及自动化软件Pro/E完成了海洋修井机井架在各种危险工况下的应力场分布研究，找到了该修井机井架应力的分布规律，对该修井机井架结构提出了改进意见。该设计理论及方法为石油钻采装备及工具的改造和研制新产品提供了一种新的方法。     

Wind energy for the 1990s and beyond

Electrical power must be available to the consumer in any amount upon demand. Conventional methods of power generation, such as the burning of fossil fuels, hydroelectric plants, and nuclear power plants, have considerable shortcomings. Governmental regulations have increased in quantity and have raised the already rigid standards of producing electric power without further damage to the environment. Electrical power produced by wind energy conversion systems are undergoing extensive research and revitalization as a viable solution to clean air power generation. The basic challenge to scientists and engineers is to develop wind energy conversion systems that produce adequate amounts of power, but at a cost comparable to present conventional methods. This article discusses the background and impact of the modern wind energy conversion system on future power generation.     

再生水回用于景观水体存在的问题及防治对策

简要介绍国内外再生水的工程实例,并对再生水回用于景观水体进行了潜在风险的分析,包括水质、富营养化、安全性分析等。并结合工程实例提出了水质保障措施,如净化水质的生物、生态修复工程等,为再生水回用于景观水体的工程实施提出应完善水质标准,根据实际情况适当降低水体功能,因地制宜利用水质净化措施等建议。