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81.
There have been extensive attempts in recent years to perform spatial equilibrium analysis of commodity markets, particularly that of energy. Most of these attempts have been based on linear programming transportation models, and more recently quadratic programming models. Unfortunately, neither of these modelling approaches can deal with the case of multi-commodity analysis with non-symmetric regression coefficients. In this paper, we overcome this problem by employing the linear complementarity programming model. In addition, we show how the model can be applied to coal and gas energy flows within a single region. Future potential applications of the model are also implied. 相似文献
82.
Alkylated ureas: mineralization and evaluation as N sources 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An incubation experiment was conducted for 11 weeks to study the mineralization of ten alkylated ureas and urea in soil. Six of the alkylated ureas viz. methylurea(MU), 1,3-dimethylurea(1,3DMU), 1,1-dimethylurea(1,1DMU), ethylurea(EU), 1,3-diethylurea(1,3DEU) and butylurea(BU) and urea mineralized during the experiment. Urea mineralized immediately, while alkylated ureas mineralized after an incubation period ranging from less than a week to four weeks (delay period of mineralization). The delay period increased in the following sequence MU < 1,3DMU < EU < BU < 1,1DMU < 1,3DEU, but after the delay period was over the compounds mineralized almost as rapidly as urea. The delay period varied according to the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group and their position with respect to each other on the molecule. It appeared to be specific for each compound and was apparently not influenced by the presence of urea or other alkylated ureas. This character can be used to develop mixture of various alkylated ureas to obtain N mineralization at the desired time. Rapid evolution of CO2 and N2O was observed during the mineralization of urea as well as alkylated ureas. Increase in soil pH was also observed during this period. The simultaneous ocurrence of these events suggested the formation of urea as an intermediate during the mieralization of alkylated ureas. None of the alkylated ureas showed adverse affect on emergence of wheat seedlings and except DEU and BU at high concentration no other alkylated urea showed any adverse effect on initial growth of wheat seedlings. 相似文献
83.
在10 ̄(-5)_eV-20MeV中子能量范围内对天然汞的中子核数据进行评价。评价内容包括总的、弹性、去弹、总非弹、30条分立能级、连续非弹、(n,2n)、(n,3n,)、(n,n'P)、(n,n'α)、(n,P)、(n,α)、(n,d)、(n,t)和(n,γ)截面;次级中子角分布;双微分截面(DDCS);γ射线产生数据等。评价根据有效实验数据(至1993年)和UNF-92 ̄[1]理论计算。评价数据以ENDF/B6格式录入中国评价核数据库CENDL-2.1版(MAT=1800),并提供核工程有关部门使用。 相似文献
84.
本文介绍了一种新近研制的光折聚合物。实验表明,除去吸收和反射,入射光束经聚合物后的第一布拉格衍射效率高达86%,材料也显示出双光束耦合的净增益高于240cm^-1。这些结果表明,这种新型研制的光折聚合物材料是替代无机光折晶体的实用材料。 相似文献
85.
Infiltration and localization of preferential infiltration zones at the dam abutment are measured using radioactive tracer tests of flow in boreholes,meanwhile interconnection between boreholes and the energing water points is analysed.The theory and practice of radioactive tracer synthetic detective method are described to give methods and calculation formulae used under the condition of stable flow in single well to measure permeability coefficient and hydrostatic heads.Major single hole techniques including measurement for seepage line,velocity,rate of seepage flow and relationship of recharge of groundwater in aquifers are introduced briefly.The possibilities offered by natureal tracers are analysed,uincluding electric-conduct,pH-value and temperature of water as well as stable isotopes(D,^18O) and tritium.Furthermore,the sensibilities of this theory and methods were confirmed by detecting seepage flow field of Xinanjiang Dam. 相似文献
86.
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88.
在油井开采原油时,会产生伴生气,而在高压和低温环境中会生成天然气水合物,进而堵塞运输管道,因此研究油砂体系(含原油的体系)和纯石英砂体系(不含原油的体系)中水合物生成情况具有重要意义。在初始压力为4.00、6.00、8.00 MPa,石英砂粒径为20、30、60、80目,温度恒定的条件下,研究了油砂体系和纯石英砂体系中甲烷水合物的生成情况以及最终耗气量。结果表明,在初始压力相同的油砂体系中,石英砂粒径越小,水合物生成诱导期越短,水合物生成速率越大。研究石英砂粒径对水合物生成最终耗气量的影响发现,随着石英砂粒径的减小,耗气量先增加后减少,当石英砂粒径为60目时,耗气量达到最大,其值为0.19 mol。同时,对油砂体系和纯石英砂体系中水合物生成情况进行了对比。结果表明,由于两种体系中都存在SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)溶液,因此水合物生成速率相差不大;在石英砂粒径相同的条件下,油砂体系中最终耗气量小于纯石英砂体系中的最终耗气量,这说明原油对水合物生成具有抑制作用。在油砂体系中,压力越大,越有利于水合物的生成。 相似文献
89.
In the chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) process,CuO is a promising material due to the high oxygen carrier capacity and exothermic reaction in fuel reactor but limited by the low melting point.The combustion rate of carbon is faster than the decoupling rate of oxygen carrier (OC).Hence,high tem-perature tolerance and rapid oxygen release rate of CuO modified by three different ores were investi-gated in this study.The kinetics analysis of oxygen decoupling with Cu-based oxygen carriers was also evaluated.Results showed that CuO modified by chrysolite had faster oxygen release rate than that of CuO.Limestone showed obvious positive effect on the oxidization process.The selected OCs could keep stable in at least 20 cycles,for about 1200 min.Shrinking core model (SCM) fitted well for the decoupling process in the temperature range of 1123-1223 K.Reduction rate kinetic information may aid in the development of chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) technologies during reactor design and process modeling.Ternary doped copper oxide with chrysolite and limestone could improve the reactivity of CuO in decoupling and coupling process and also improve the high temperature tolerance. 相似文献
90.
Brett J. Kagan Charlotte M. Ermine Stefano Frausin Clare L. Parish Jess Nithianantharajah Lachlan H. Thompson 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Neonatal arterial ischemic stroke is one of the more severe birth complications. The injury can result in extensive neurological damage and is robustly associated with later diagnoses of cerebral palsy (CP). An important part of efforts to develop new therapies include the on-going refinement and understanding of animal models that capture relevant clinical features of neonatal brain injury leading to CP. The potent vasoconstrictor peptide, Endothelin-1 (ET-1), has previously been utilised in animal models to reduce local blood flow to levels that mimic ischemic stroke. Our previous work in this area has shown that it is an effective and technically simple approach for modelling ischemic injury at very early neonatal ages, resulting in stable deficits in motor function. Here, we aimed to extend this model to also examine the impact on cognitive function. We show that focal delivery of ET-1 to the cortex of Sprague Dawley rats on postnatal day 0 (P0) resulted in impaired learning in a touchscreen-based test of visual discrimination and correlated with important clinical features of CP including damage to large white matter structures. 相似文献