荷兰城乡规划体系中的乡村规划考察

荷兰作为欧洲国家中人多地少、高密度发展的典型国家,和我国国情背景较为相似,但较之我国却拥有更为优质的乡村自然环境和农业产业化前景,并在乡村规划上具备悠久传统和卓越表现。基于荷兰乡村规划与城市规划两者间有着不同起源和关注焦点,通过系统梳理荷兰城乡规划体系中的乡村规划脉络,介绍了荷兰乡村地区规划的演变历程,并从土地整理与开发、空间规划这两大层面剖析荷兰乡村地区发展规划的理念流变,以期为中国乡村地区建设提供可资借鉴的经验。     

A case for granting legal personality to the Dutch part of the Wadden Sea

ABSTRACT

This article proposes that the Dutch Wadden Sea, a tidal wetland, can be protected by recognizing that it can own itself, in keeping with the emerging international trend of granting rights and legal personality to important ecosystems. Under Dutch law, legal personality could be granted to the Wadden Sea in the form of a ‘natureship’ (natuurschap), a legal form that perfectly fits into the Dutch legal system. The legal objective of the Wadden Sea Natureship could be to focus on maintaining the ecosystem in a healthy condition.     

Emerging citizen contributions,roles and interactions with public authorities in Dutch pluvial flood risk management

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the emerging role of citizens and their increasing contributions to local pluvial flood risk management in the Netherlands. A qualitative research approach is followed with semi-structured interviews, and analysis of policy documents and media reports. A typology of physical resources and actions, knowledge and advocacy activities shows evidence of locally focused citizen contributions to pluvial flood risk management in the Dutch city of Arnhem. We find that this emerging citizen role is being shaped by traditional authority-led interactions, creative and dialogical approaches to citizen engagement, and citizen-initiated contributions that then interact with authorities.     

“超级”之后 ——荷兰建筑再观察

荷兰作为建筑设计及创意产业强国,已形成了长期的世界性影响。这一切与荷兰的自然地理与社会历史有着密切的关联。在21世纪之初荷兰建筑被誉为"超级荷兰"之后,荷兰建筑与建筑师在近20年时间里不断调整变化,以更为广泛的介入性延展至社会与自然中的多个领域。     

Navigating the Computational Turn

UNStudio has developed its own practice model for connecting colleagues and collaborators and sharing accumulated knowledge and techniques: the ‘Knowledge Platform’. Ben van Berkel with members from the UNStudio Smart Parameter Platform describe three projects at very different scales - the Burnham Pavilion in Chicago (2009), Raffles City in Hangzhou, China (2011) and Arnhem Central (2012) - that encapsulate UNStudio's working methods and approach to computational processes.     

Dancing with Entropy

Finding inspiration and drive in the chaos and fragmentation of today's world, Adriaan Geuze and Matthew Skjonsberg of West 8 have developed an approach that they refer to as ‘radical contextualism’. This requires not only a respect for reality and existing conditions, but also an openness to multiple layers of meaning and a wide variety of inputs, whether historic, cultural, anecdotal or even random. Giving themselves over to evolutionary entropy, they work with ingenuity with whatever they encounter.     

From implementation towards maintenance: sustaining collaborative initiatives for integrated floodplain management in the Netherlands

Collaborative governance has been introduced in the planning and implementation phases of river management, but has not yet reached the maintenance phase. In anticipation of this, this article explores how stakeholders shape collaborative initiatives aimed at maintaining multifunctional floodplains by analyzing their framing of collaboration objectives and membership structures. The case study shows that participants envisioned a shared governance structure, while no consensus was attained on the underlying collaborative objectives. Moreover, the envisioned structure revealed a tendency towards separation instead of integration, because participants abandoned the idea of public–private collaboration, which had previously been adopted in the planning and implementation phases.     

Solutions You Cannot Draw

For Markus Braach , co-founder of architectural software consultancy Adaptive Architecture, an initial interest in genetic algorithms in the 1990s evolved into working on the generative simulations of historic cities that had developed organically over time, and then on to real urban planning projects with Kees Christiaanse Architects and Planners(KCAP). Here he describes how an emphasis on a purely bottom-up approach, which was characteristic of his earlier work and drew him to the field, has since been replaced in his practice by a greater emphasis on traditional spatial planning and usability.     

Redesigning Domesticity: Creating Homes for the Elderly

Sally Stewart , Deputy Head of the Mackintosh School of Architecture at the Glasgow School of Art, highlights how nurturing a sense of ‘home’ can be a key ingredient in the creation of successful accommodation for the elderly and those with dementia. What, however, sets a ‘home’ apart from mere housing provision, and how can architects engender it? Stewart looks at some recent projects in the UK, Japan and the Netherlands in search of the answer.     

荷兰可再生能源政策及其实践

介绍了荷兰政府为促进可再生能源发展而制订的法律、法规、目标、实施途径和实践。荷兰可再生能源大规模开发利用始于20世纪80年代，90年代末达到高峰。但由于政策的变化导致可再生能源研究、开发、生产和利用呈现下降趋势。随着欧洲一体化进程，荷兰重新修改制定了其能源政策以重振可再生能源产业。