寻求社会公正与融合的可持续途径:荷兰社会住宅的发展与现状

作为世界上住房保障制度最为完善的国家之一,荷兰自20世纪初期以来长期重视社会住宅,即公有出租的保障性住房的规划和建设,将其作为解决城市住房问题、促进社会公正的主要方式,并根据社会经济背景的变化对其发展政策和策略进行合理的调整.与此同时,荷兰也已将社会住宅的规划建设作为解决社会问题,特别是克服不同收入阶层与种族间的居住空间隔离问题,促进社会融合的重要手段之一.本文将结合政策与实例分析对荷兰社会住宅发展进行具体探讨,以期对我国目前的保障性住房规划建设提供借鉴.     

Social Housing as a Transitional Tenure? Reflections on the Netherlands' New Housing Memorandum 2000-2010

This contribution gives some reflections on the Netherlands' New Housing Memorandum 2000-2010, which was published on 15 May 2000. This Housing Memorandum urges the housing corporations (the social housing organisations which own 37 per cent of the housing stock) to sell 500 000 dwellings in 10 years. This seems to confirm Harloe's assertion that social housing in Europe is only a transitional tenure. Even in the Netherlands-champion of social rented housing within the European Union-the owner occupied sector would seem destined to marginalise the social rented sector in the long run. This paper argues that the housing corporations, being private, independent social entrepreneurs, will be only partially inclined to take the political message of the Housing Memorandum to heart. It is expected that the Dutch social rented sector will remain a differentiated sector and continue to blossom alongside home ownership. Harloe's theory will, in short, not be confirmed by the housing developments in the Netherlands.     

The Role of an Independent Netherlands Laboratory in the Trade and Industry of Edible Oils and Fats（网络首发、推荐阅读）

在食用油脂贸易中,独立实验室主要负责货物质量检测。在装卸时对货物样品进行采样,随后按照合同约定的质量条款及分析方法进行测试。独立实验室由贸易组织认定,并且每年评估其检验资质。此外,基于贸易国和国际法规的强制要求,农药残留等污染物的分析检测需求日益增加。独立实验室应配备最先进的仪器,采用最新的分析方法,以满足低水平污染物的检测需求。综述荷兰独立实验室概况、油脂贸易协定中约定的检测指标、重要品质参数、重点污染物（包括农药残留、多环芳烃、矿物油、塑化剂、二英、氯丙醇等）以及三大类指标的分析方法,以期为读者呈现国际标准化组织（ISO）和欧盟（EU）等组织对油脂贸易中货物质量的品质控制和技术进展,为促进技术交流提供参考。     

On Priority and Progress: Forced Residential Relocation and Housing Chances in Haaglanden,the Netherlands

There is a wide interest in the effects of forced relocation in the context of urban restructuring. This interest is also inspired by debates on gentrification and displacement. The prevailing idea is that the lowest income groups particularly suffer from displacement in terms of their housing quality and increased rents. In addition, increasing proportions of forced movers are assumed to harm the housing opportunities of other house seekers, while competing within the social rented sector. Although several studies deal with the consequences of forced relocation, a broader perspective on housing chances is currently lacking. Moreover, most studies are qualitative, whereas a larger-scale quantitative analysis is needed to test assumptions mentioned above. This paper addresses these matters by analysing housing allocation data of the Haaglanden in the Netherlands and two cross-sectional surveys among forced movers in the region's central city, The Hague. Findings indicate that housing chances for both forced and regular house seekers have not declined substantially since 2000. Moreover, most forced movers experienced dwelling progress, partly thanks to the design of the housing allocation model. However, low-educated, as well as middle- and higher-income households less often report dwelling progress. Explanations for these findings are provided.     

荷兰水务管理及启示

介绍了荷兰的概况,概述了荷兰的水务管理,其中包括水务管理机构、水量管理、水质管理、防洪护堤、资金来源,给出了对我国水管理的4点启示.     

Condensation of a binary vapour mixture in the presence of an inert gas

The simultaneous heat and mass transfer process during condensation of a binary vapour mixture in the presence of a non-condensable gas is analysed using matrix formulations of the interfacial mass transfer rate relations. A film model for multicomponent mass transfer based on an exact solution to the Maxwell-Stefan equations is used to calculate the mass transfer coefficients in the ternary vapour phase. With the aid of a computational example involving condensation of methanol and water vapours in the presence of air, it is demonstrated that diffusional interactions can significantly affect condensation rates.     

From Product to Process: Building on Urban-Think Tank’s Approach to the Informal City

Adriana Navarro-Sertich interviews a pioneer of the informal in architecture, co-founder and co-director of Urban-Think Tank (U-TT) Alfredo Brillembourg . Brillembourg explains how U-TT's work seeks to connect informal settlements with the formal city, enabling inhabitants to access services and infrastructure. U-TT is now taking the lessons it has learnt in working in Latin American cities, such as Caracas and São Paulo, elsewhere in the world with the aim of ‘working globally and acting locally’. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Instinctive Sense of Space and Boundary

Petra Blaisse of Inside Outside describes how the studio focuses on the boundary of interior and exterior space, adding and subtracting highly tactile and sensuous layers. She highlights the significance of the invisible to her work - whether light, scent or texture - and how the future of design will be opening the way to ‘the sheer biology of things’. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.