Properties of variations in the periods of ring neural oscillators with noise

Effects of additive noise on a series of the periods of oscillations in unidirectionally coupled ring neural networks of ring oscillator type are studied. Kinematical models of the traveling waves of an inconsistency, i.e. the successive same signs in the states of adjacent neurons in the network, are derived. A series of the half periods in the network of N neuron is then expressed by the sum of N sequences of the N-first order autoregressive process, the process with the spectrum of exponential type and the first-order autoregressive process. Noise and the interaction of the inconsistency cause characteristic positive correlations in a series of the half periods of the oscillations. Further, an experiment on an analog circuit of the ring neural oscillator was done and it is shown that correlations in the obtained periods of the oscillations agree with the derived three expressions.     

噪声不敏感的柱状图特征描述符及其在图像检索中的应用

基于内容的图像检索方法往往将图片的内容表示成柱状图,根据图片柱状图之间的相似性进行图片的检索。数码图片中包含的噪声使得柱状图变得平滑,从而使图片之间变得更为相似,这增加了返回结果中包含的图片数量。为了进一步提高图片检索的性能,提出了一种对噪声不敏感的柱状图特征描述符,并应用该特征描述符进行图像之间的相似性匹配。首先将图片中的噪声描述为平稳附加高斯白噪声,并给出了相应的柱状图表示;然后通过随机变量的原点矩定义了柱状图的特征描述符,并分析了如何应用特征描述符恢复原始图片的柱状图。在算法的性能验证过程中,将提出的方法与4种相关算法进行比较,应用两个真实的图片数据库的图像检索实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Generalized Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means with novel cluster validity indices for clustering noisy data

A generalized form of Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means (PFCM) algorithm (GPFCM) is presented for clustering noisy data. A function of distance is used instead of the distance itself to damp noise contributions. It is shown that when the data are highly noisy, GPFCM finds accurate cluster centers but FCM (Fuzzy C-Means), PCM (Possibilistic C-Means), and PFCM algorithms fail. FCM, PCM, and PFCM yield inaccurate cluster centers when clusters are not of the same size or covariance norm is used, whereas GPFCM performs well for both of the cases even when the data are noisy. It is shown that generalized forms of FCM and PCM (GFCM and GPCM) are also more accurate than FCM and PCM. A measure is defined to evaluate performance of the clustering algorithms. It shows that average error of GPFCM and its simplified forms are about 80% smaller than those of FCM, PCM, and PFCM. However, GPFCM demands higher computational costs due to nonlinear updating equations. Three cluster validity indices are introduced to determine number of clusters in clean and noisy datasets. One of them considers compactness of the clusters; the other considers separation of the clusters, and the third one considers both separation and compactness. Performance of these indices is confirmed to be satisfactory using various examples of noisy datasets.     

Kalman滤波技术在地球化学数据处理中的应用

针对传统地球化学数据处理问题,引入Kallman滤波对地球化学数据进行降噪预处理,并对Kalman滤波技术应用于地球化学数据误差校正的可行性进行了系统研究,并以铜绿山1：5万水系中Cu的测量数据为例进行了验证分析,试验结果表明,Kalman滤波技术在对地球化学数据处理方面具有优势,适用于地球化学数据的误差校正。     

A threshold insensitive method for locating the forest canopy top with waveform lidar

Lidars have the unique ability to make direct, physical measurements of forest height and vertical structure in much denser canopies than is possible with passive optical or short wavelength radars. However the literature reports a consistent underestimate of tree height when using physically based methods, necessitating empirical corrections. This bias is a result of overestimating the range to the canopy top due to background noise and failing to correctly identify the ground.This paper introduces a method, referred to as “noise tracking”, to avoid biases when determining the range to the canopy top. Simulated waveforms, created with Monte-Carlo ray tracing over geometrically explicit forest models, are used to test noise tracking against simple thresholding over a range of forest and system characteristics. It was found that noise tracking almost completely removed the bias in all situations except for very high noise levels and very low (< 10%) canopy covers. In all cases noise tracking gave lower errors than simple thresholding and had a lower sensitivity to the initial noise threshold.Finite laser pulses spread out the measured signal, potentially overriding the benefit of noise tracking. In the past laser pulse length has been corrected by adding half that length to the signal start range. This investigation suggests that this is not always appropriate for simple thresholding and that the results for noise tracking were more directly related to pulse length than for simple thresholding. That this effect has not been commented on before may be due to the possible confounding impacts of instrument and survey characteristics inherent in field data. This method should help improve the accuracy of waveform lidar measurements of forests, whether using airborne or spaceborne instruments.     

基于游程统计的含噪图像分割效果评价方法

含噪图像的分割效果与其干扰噪声强度有着紧密的联系。为了对含噪图像的分割效果进行量化计算和分析,首先定义了一个评价含噪图像分割结果的差异函数,该函数值反映了含噪图像的分割结果和原始图像的分割结果之间的差异程度。同时,根据序列随机性检验方法中的游程测试方法,给出了一种针对含噪图像分割效果评价的方法,该方法基于分割图像的二值化灰度矩阵游程统计量,定义了评价图像分割效果的游程函数,在对含噪图像的分割效果进行评价时,可以计算分割图像的游程函数来进行量化比较。对含噪灰度图像的分割结果与相应的差异函数和游程函数之间的关系进行了实验分析,结果表明,差异函数和游程函数不仅表达简单、计算便捷,而且能够准确反映出含噪图像的干扰噪声强度和分割的结果图像之间的变化关系。     

A noise attribute thresholding method for document image binarization

A new thresholding method, called the noise attribute thresholding method (NAT), for document image binarization is presented in this paper. This method utilizes the noise attribute features extracted from the images to make the selection of threshold values for image thresholding. These features are based on the properties of noise in the images and are independent of the strength of the signals (objects and background) in the image. A simple noise model is given to explain these noise properties. The NAT method has been applied to the problem of removing text and figures printed on the back of the paper. Conventional global thresholding methods cannot solve this kind of problem satisfactorily. Experimental results show that the NAT method is very effective. Received July 05, 1999 / Revised July 07, 2000     

铁道钢轨断面的计算机图象处理与仿真

利用计算机图象处理和仿真技术,对铁道钢轨断面进行快速检测与处理的研究。     

一种新的VolumeLIC可视化方法

矢量场可视化是科学计算可视化中最具挑战性的研究课题之一,为了能在二维屏上直观显示三维矢量场,将基于纹理的LIC方法拓展到三维矢量场可视化,通过设计稀疏线噪声纹理并配合斜坡卷积核提高VolumeLIC图象质量,显著增强空间深度感,并采用光线投射直接体绘制方法生成VolumeLIC图象,另外,针对循环动画的突兀现象,提出HRCK（Hanninged RampConvolutionKernel)法生成流场的VolumeLIC循环动画,提出VolumeLICProbe交互洞察三维矢量场内部信息,通过实例表明,本文所提方法具有良好的可视化效果,交互方便,并已应用地幔可视化等领域。     

一种准无损压缩图象子带编码算法

针对有损压缩会损失一部分信息而无损压缩又压缩比较低的问题,提出一种实现准无损压缩的方法。该方法就是首先将图象用噪声模型进行去除噪声处理,以提高图象的信噪比,并有利于图象的压缩;然后再使用区域自适应子带编码算法进行编码。由于该算法能快速收敛,因而编码时间相对较少;编码通常能实时执行。实验结果表明,该压缩方案具有高信噪比、高压缩比等优良性能。从算法的理论基础来看,其中基于噪声模型的噪声清除算法对其他编码算法（如DCT、DPCM、JPEG、SPIHT、MPEG等等）同样具有推广意义。