计算数学组织理论

计算数学组织理论是采用计算和数学手段来研究人类组织的理论,是对传统组织科学一个新的领域拓展,这一领域的研究内容包括组织学习、组织适应性、组织演化、多主体系统和组织设计等等,其理论成果被广泛应用于敏捷制造、网络组织和虚拟组织的设计、战场C2结构设计等。文章综述了计算数学组织理论的发展及现状,概括了这一理论研究的内容以及相关领域的研究,并提出了类组织的概念。     

Self organization map for clustering and classification in the ecology of agent organizations

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Beyond Boundary Objects: Collaborative Reuse in Aircraft Technical Support

Boundary objects are a critical, but understudied, theoretical construct in CSCW. Through a field study of aircraft technical support, we examined the role of boundary objects in the practical achievement of safety by service engineers. Their resolution of repair requests was preserved in the organization’s memory via three compound boundary objects. These crystallizations did not manifest a static interpretation, but instead were continually reinterpreted in light of meta-negotiations. This suggests design implications for organizational memory systems which can more fluidly represent the meta-negotiations surrounding boundary objects.     

Lake management organizations in China

The paper analyses the range of lake management organizations (LMOs) established in China and proposes management recommendations for different lake types and contexts. Based on functions, regional coverage and sectoral focus, nine LMO patterns are identified, ranging from existing agency approaches in which there is no specific lake focus or institutional responsibility to comprehensive and powerful lake basin authorities. LMO development in China faces many challenges, including a preoccupation with organizational form rather than function and objectives, duplication with existing agency functions, and insufficient lake basin management and trans-jurisdictional coordination. We therefore propose that LMOs should be tailored to specific situations and problems, drawing distinctions between plateau, urban, plain, inland and wetland lakes as well as other contexts.     

Review of Managing the unknowable: Strategic boundaries between order and chaos in organizations.

Reviews the book, Managing the unknowable: Strategic boundaries between order and chaos in organizations by Ralph D. Stacey (1992). This book should have a prominent label on the cover Warning, reading this book can be hazardous to all the sacred beliefs that you have about organizations as systems; organizational development, effectiveness and growth; and learning and innovation in organizations. While Stacey draws upon the work of other more mainstream systems theorists such as Senge (1990, reviewed in CPJ, Fall 1993), Miller (1990), and Hamel and Prahalad (1989), he extends General Systems Theory (GST) (von Bertalanffy, 1950; Berrien, K. 1968) in new exciting and icon-breaking directions. Senge's extension of system's thinking is mostly evolutionary, granted, elegantly evolutionary, but not a radical break from the sort of systems theory that forms the backbone of organizational development and most of organization consultation theory. This is not to say that Stacey's aim is to attack or invalidate more traditional system's theory. The theories of Einstein and Quantum Physics, were not introduced to attack or diminish the brilliance and usefulness of Newtonian theories of physics. These theories, after all, proved quite useful and valid in many conditions conditions that approximated closed energy systems. When these closed energy models proved inadequate or too error-prone to be useful, newer theories were developed that either extended or superseded the older, now less useful, theories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Psychology as a profession: Foundations of practice.

Reviews the book, Psychology as a profession: Foundations of practice by W. B. Pryzwansky and R. N. Wendt (see record 1987-98014-000). Pryzwansky and Wendt provide a guidebook on professional issues addressed to both applied psychologists and those in training. The book begins with a general introduction to the topic of psychology as a profession, which is followed by a chapter on each of the following issues: credentialing in psychology, ethics and standards, legal impact in practice, professional development and accountability (including internships), and professional organizations. Many important professional issues are presented by the authors. It is clear that this book is directed to an audience of applied psychologists in general, but school psychologists will find a number of relevant areas not well covered. Psychology as a profession is a handy, small book to supplement a professional practices course. However, its size and purpose limit the depth with which specific topics can be elaborated, resulting in a number of gaps in coverage. In addition, given the vulnerability of several of the topics in this book to ongoing change, the reader needs to be reminded of the possibility that some information will become outdated. However, the book does provide a useful introduction to topics that seem to impact increasingly on the lives of professional psychologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Le counseling en milieu de travail.

Reviews the book, Le counseling en milieu de travail by Odette Beaudoin (1986). This book is extremely well documented, gives a progress report on the world of organizations, and on services depending on organisational behavior in particular. It discusses couseling in the work environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Role of Collective Action in Water Governance: A Comparative Study of Groundwater User Associations in La Mancha Aquifers in Spain

Abstract

The paper analyzes the problem of collective water management in Spain. The paper has two main objectives: first it provides a brief introduction on long established traditions for collective water management under Water User Associations (WUAs), some dating back to the twelfth century. It discusses the legislative and institutional frameworks that have favored collective water management. The second objective is an analysis at a more specific level, by focusing on the particular case of groundwater as a traditional common pool resource and the problem of mutually beneficial collective action (MBCA). It does so by applying the Institutional Development Framework and an in depth analysis of key factors leading to MBCA. A comparative case study approach is applied to three main aquifers in the central Mancha region. It points to the importance that WUAS can play in facilitating factors that encourage collective action. It also highlights the relevance of social capital as trust between WUAs and the administration, like Water Authorities. It concludes that while solutions like subsidies and payments can help mitigate aquifer overuse, these are not a long-term or sustainable option (economically or sustainably). Only sound institutional design of Water User organizations can favor self-governance and management by farmers.     

Transboundary governance in the La Plata River basin: status and prospects

ABSTRACT

The La Plata River Basin’s transboundary institutional arrangement is a complex system with different geographical bases and scopes, including 14 international organizations, four technical committees and one groundwater commission (not yet implemented). This article examines this institutional architecture by outlining the characteristics of cooperative arrangements established under treaties as a way of analyzing how the process of water governance takes place between riparian states. The large number of institutions contrasts with the modest number of joint actions and projects, which prompts questions about their role in the governance process, especially considering the lack of transparency and information about their performance.     

Making space for women: civil society organizations,gender and hydropower development in the Mekong region

Large-scale hydropower development disrupts local livelihoods and resource access. Adverse impacts are often greater for women than men, but also large for children, the elderly, poorer households and ethnic minorities. Burdens of resettlement often fall disproportionately on already disadvantaged individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how international, national and local civil society organizations (CSOs) have addressed gender in hydropower development in the Mekong Region. Four CSO orientations are distinguished: communitarian, environmentalist, knowledge-based and feminist. Common activities of CSOs were to share information, to expand participation and to mobilize development. The extent to which these activities were promoted and appear to be making space for women depended on the types of CSOs and women and men targeted or otherwise involved.